3rd International Conference on Management, Education, Information and Control (MEICI 2015)

Mode of Operation of Medical Logistics in China

Haihe Guo

School of nursing，Jiangxi University of Technology

Keywords: Medical logistics; Electronic commerce; Information technology; The third-party logistics

Abstract. This paper adopts the method of theory combining with practice. It firstly expounds the basic concepts and characteristics of medicine logistics, the third-party medical logistics, medicine e-commerce logistics and medicine supply chain management, and it mainly analyzes the current status and existing problems of the medical logistics and circulation of China. Then according to the actual situation of China and the support of new medical reform and other national policies, the paper also analyzes the development strategy and the way of development, such as how to improve the development of medical logistics, how to better develop medicine logistics according to the advantages of the medicine circulation enterprises themselves, how to improve logistics efficiency and reduce logistics costs. The number of the medicine logistics circulation enterprises in China is large but their scales are small. To make a better development of medicine circulation enterprises, strong logistics distribution system, advanced logistics management system and technology, complete supply system with complete supply chain are all needed.Medicine, the noun which is closely linked with our life, is gradually getting into every individual. The medicine logistics also turn in the new era. But there are still problems in medicine logistics. The traditional logistics pattern of China already cannot adapt to the increasingly fierce market competition. The traditional logistics pattern needs to be changed and the logistics pattern needs unceasing reform and continuous exploration.With Chinas aging population increasing, peoplersquo;s living standards are unceasingly enhancing, medicine and electricity are slowly rising and the concept of online shopping is also gradually accepted by the public. The continuous conversion of shopping concept also provides foundation for medicine e-commerce. The rapid development of medicine e-commerce also injects more vigor into the medical logistics of China.In recent years, China attaches great importance to the reform of urban and rural basic medical system and invests a lot of money to improve the system, which provides large medicine enterprises with unprecedented development opportunities. However, development and competition coexist. Since Chinas accession to WTO, a large number of foreign enterprises enter Chinarsquo;s market. Facing with the strong opponents with strong capital strength, advanced marketing strategy and logistics management advantages, the medicine enterprises in China are facing severe challenges. The disadvantages of the medicine logistics enterprises of China constantly emerge in the escalating competition, such as the backward logistics technology and the uncompleted logistics networks, which then influences the development of the medicine logistics industry in China.

The current status analysis of the medicine logistics in China

Due to the particularity of medicine logistics, the medical logistics in China adopts unified management for a long time. The medicine logistics is basically state-owned. The logistics links are too much and the logistics costs are too high. All the above cause the artificial high price of medicine. The root of the difficulty in medicine treatment is that the price of medicine is too high for the purchasing power of people. In medicine sales, three level distributions are basically the most common distribution sales model. What is three level distribution? Manufacturers produce medicine and wholesale the medicine to wholesale enterprises, then wholesale enterprises again

conduct distribution and sell the medicine to retail enterprises, such as pharmacy or other retail enterprises. Excessive logistics links will spend a long time for the med icine from the factory to customers. Transportation process is long and the price also increase. Due to the situation of the medicine logistics enterprises of China which is large in number and small in scale, there are many medicine logistics enterprises which do not have large networks to support. Whatrsquo;s more, most medicine enterprises are located in Beijing, Shanghai and other first level cities. The distribution is less in three level cities and rural areas. The above situation cause s the medicine logistics be artificially hot in first level cities while the network coverage is not complete in other places.

Discussion on the medicine logistics operation mode of China

The private logistics development mode. In China, medicine logistics enterprises usually have their own internal logistics system, providing the basic distribution and warehousing services. Due to the small size and single business, the logistics system generally has low operating efficiency and high costs, which is difficult to adapt to the fierce market competition. However, if these dispersed logistics systems are integrated, they can take the advantages of scale economies to reduce enterprise logistics costs.

Medicine logistics mode in e-commerce environment

Medicine logistics operation mode in e-commerce environment. With the rapid development of information technology and the constant improvement of the related peripheral environment, the electronic commerce with merchandise online marketing as the core develops rapidly. In the face of the tantalizing prospect of e-commerce, many enterprises have focused in this field. In this context, the medicine logistics enterprises of China also actively explore online trading to meet the needs in “E-commerce

剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料

我国医药冷链物流的运作模式

摘 要

本文采用理论联系实际的方法。首先阐述了医药物流、第三方医药物流、医药电子商务物流和医药供应链管理的基本概念和特点，重点分析了我国医药物流和流通的现状和存在的问题。然后根据我国的实际情况和新医改等国家政策的支持，分析了医药物流的发展战略和发展途径，如如何促进医药物流的发展，如何根据医药流通企业自身的优势更好地发展医药物流，如何提高物流效率，降低物流成本。我国医药物流流通企业数量多，但规模小。医药流通企业要想更好地发展，需要强大的物流配送体系、先进的物流管理体系和技术、完整的供应链和完整的供应体系。医学这个与我们的生活密切相关的名词，正逐渐深入每个人。医药物流也进入了新时代。但是医药物流仍然存在问题。中国传统的物流模式已经不能适应日益激烈的市场竞争。传统的物流模式需要改变，物流模式需要不断改革和不断探索。随着中国人口老龄化的加剧，人们的生活水平不断提高，医药和电力也在缓慢上升，网上购物的概念也逐渐被公众所接受。购物理念的不断转变也为医药电子商务提供了基础。医药电子商务的快速发展也为中国的医药物流注入了更多的活力。近年来，中国高度重视城乡基本医疗制度改革，并投入大量资金进行完善，为大型医药企业提供了前所未有的发展机遇。然而，发展与竞争并存。自中国加入世贸组织以来，大量外国企业进入中国市场。面对拥有强大资本实力、先进营销策略和物流管理优势的强劲对手，我国医药企业面临严峻挑战。我国医药物流企业的劣势在日益激烈的竞争中不断显现，如物流技术落后、物流网络不完善等，进而影响了我国医药物流业的发展。

关键词 医疗物流；电子商务；信息技术；第三方物流

中国医药物流现状分析

由于医药物流的特殊性，我国医药物流长期采用统一管理。医药物流基本上是国有的。物流环节太多，物流成本太高。所有这些都导致了药品的人为高价。药物治疗困难的根源是药物价格对于人们的购买力来说太高了。在药品销售中，三级分销基本上是最常见的分销销售模式。什么是三级分布？制造商生产药品，然后将药品批发给批发企业，然后再批发企业将药品分销并销售给零售企业，如药房或其他零售企业。过多的物流环节将花费很长时间从工厂到客户。运输过程漫长，价格也在上涨。由于我国医药物流企业数量多、规模小，很多医药物流企业没有大型网络支撑。此外，大多数医药企业位于北京、上海等一级城市。三级城市和农村地区的分布较少。上述情况导致医药物流在一级城市人为热，而在其他地方网络覆盖不全。

中国医药物流运作模式探讨

民营物流发展模式。在中国，医药物流企业通常有自己的内部物流系统，提供基本的配送和仓储服务。由于规模小、业务单一，物流系统普遍运行效率低、成本高，难以适应激烈的市场竞争。然而，如果这些分散的物流系统被整合，它们可以利用规模经济的优势来降低企业物流成本。

电子商务环境下的医药物流模式

电子商务环境下的医药物流运作模式。随着信息技术的飞速发展和相关周边环境的不断改善，以商品网络营销为核心的电子商务发展迅速。面对电子商务诱人的前景，许多企业都把目光投向了这一领域。在此背景下，我国医药物流企业也积极探索网上交易，以满足医药企业在“电子商务”时代的需求。与传统的物流运作模式相比，电子商务环境下的运作模式没有实质性的差异。然而，电子商务为医药物流开辟了一条新的道路。通过网上专门的电子商务平台，经销商可以把自己的商品信息放在网上，这无形中吸引了大量的客户，不需要在每个销售终端为销售人员联系业务，节省了大量的时间和金钱，避免了一些暗箱操作。电子商务环境下医药物流运作模式展望。传统医学相对容易实现电子商务。随着网络和电力的发展，我国传统医药企业面临着广阔的发展前景。首先，由于易保存、易运输、易品牌、易交易等特点。传统医药企业很容易实现电子商务。其次，通过电子商务交易，传统医药企业不仅突破了空间和时间的限制，还可以大大降低成本，使传统医药走向世界。物流一直是我国电子商务进一步发展的瓶颈，目前主要表现为没有一个有效的社会化物流配送系统，能够在网上交易后为产品提供低成本、及时、适量的中转服务。物流成本高，物流速度慢，这将使那些不总是签订网上购物合同的顾客产生不满，这极大地阻碍了电子商务的蓬勃发展，成为电子商务进一步发展的“瓶颈”。第三方医药物流模式。第三方物流是专业的物流服务提供商。通过专业服务、规模经济、低运输成本等物流增值服务，可以给客户带来实实在在的利益，吸引更多客户企业的注意力。不同于一般的货物储存和配送，药品物流中心分为常温仓库、冷藏仓库、冷冻仓库、验收养护仓库，以及用于质量问题检测的标准比色仪。因此，整个过程必须严格按照这些环节的措施进行，才能保证药品的质量。

促进我国医药物流发展的政策建议

积极推动传统医药企业向网络化、制度化方向发展。在电子商务和供应链管理的双重冲击下，传统医药批发企业面临转型问题。需要政府积极引导大型医药企业进行兼并重组，加强自身网络建设和信息化水平，不断推动现代医药物流发展。

加快医药物流信息化和标准化建设。加快医药物流信息化建设步伐。政府应对大型医药物流企业实施专项政策和资金，加快医药物流市场信息网络建设，搭建医药电子商务平台，尽快建立医药行业供应链模式，完善供应链上下游沟通，使物流、信息流和资金流更加清晰。

推进医药物流建设标准化。对于我国医药物流行业来说，没有统一的编码体系和相关性，医药编码体系不完善，导致医药信息含量低。因此，相关部门应尽快制定并实施统一的医药代码体系。

运用高科技信息技术手段精心控制库存。对于物流企业来说，大量的库存无疑会增加经营成本，这不利于物流成本的控制。医药物流企业可以利用一些先进的技术和设备来控制库存，以达到最佳状态，使仓库不仅仅是一个储存的地方。

射频识别技术的广泛应用。在医药行业，射频识别技术有着广阔的应用空间。它可以提高出库的效率，避免每个产品包装都要扫描，这是浪费时间。射频识别可以确保物流中心购买和接收正确数量的设备和药品。它可以提高库存周转率，减少库存，最终目的是降低成本。

此外，射频识别标签可以使药品召回有针对性、高效运作，节省人力和物力。在美国，据估计，在一次药品召回中，射频识别为一家医药企业节省了1600万美元的管理成本和1000万至2000万美元的品牌损失。

建立物流配送中心。有很多现代医药商业企业具备了很好的条件来建设现代物流。关键是要根据现代物流的条件，整合现有资源，逐步发挥各自的作用，逐步到位，逐步占领市场。要建立物流配送中心，首先要面向医院、零售药店等业务，以自营配送为主。第二，吸引主要供应商并与之建立网络伙伴关系，使物流中心成为其他产品的配送中心或中转仓库，扩大物流中心的功能。第三件事是将业务规模扩大到医院和药店所需的相关产品的储存和分销，而不仅仅是药品的分销。

结 论

医学与人们的生活密切相关。降低物流环节和成本以降低药品价格已经成为医药物流企业追求的共同目标。

由于医药的特殊性，我国医药物流业仍然受到国家政策的制约。医药物流产业将通过运用先进的管理理念和技术，研发先进的物流系统，采用统一标准化和制度化的条形码技术，加强医药物流基础设施建设来发展。各行各业都需要人才，加强现代物流的宣传力度和人才培养将有助于医药物流业的发展。

随着中国加入世贸组织，国内医药物流面临着巨大的挑战。医药物流企业正在对物流模式进行新的探索和尝试，建立和完善自己的供应链机制，搭建电子商务平台，发展第三方物流等。

参考文献

1. Zhan Xuefeng, Gong Shiwei. The thinking of the development of our medicine logist ics management of our country. Medical Herald. 2012
2. Wei Jigang. Policy Suggestions to promote the development of medical logistics in our country.

China Business and Market. 2011

1. Feng Zhidong. Modern medicine circulation problem research in our country. 2010
2. Hou Yafei. The logistics distribution system construction research of the traditional medicine enterprise in EC environment. Science amp; Technology Progress and Policy. 2012
3. Bei Juan. The action pattern and logistics network research of third-party medical logistics enterprises. Chongqing: Management science and engineering college. 2012
4. Clifford Flonch.Logistiesoutsoureing:AManagement Guide.Mcgraw,ine.New York:2011.
5. Lin Huidan. The third-party logistics. Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Press. 2014
6. Niu Zhengkun, Niu Zhengqian. The medicine logistics market development trend and path adjustment of our country. China Logistics amp; Purchasing. 2004
7. John Crowell. Editorial. Collaboration in Logistics [J]. European Journal of Operational Reseach.2013.
8. Liu Xiaoliang, Wang Wenming. The problems and countermeasures of medical cold chain logistics development in China. Logistics engineering and management. 2010
9. Zhang Ge. The current problems and improvement countermeasures of cold chain logistics in our country[J]. Sci-Tech Information Development amp; Economy, 2011
10. Alfred Burger ,Manfred E Burger, Medieinal Chestryand Drug Diseovery Haworth Press,Ineorporated,2012

冷链及其物流

摘 要

虽然全球化使世界各地区之间的相对距离变得更小，但这些地区的实际隔离仍然是一个非常重要的现实。物理分隔越大，货物就越有可能在复杂的运输操作中受损。有些货物可能会被震动损坏，而有些货物可能会被不适当的温度变化损坏。对于一系列贴有易腐标签的商品，尤其是食品，它们的质量会随着时间的推移而下降，因为它们会保持化学反应，而这种化学反应的速度在较低的温度下会大大降低。高效运输货物需要时间和协调，每一次延误都会产生负面影响，尤其是如果货物容易腐烂的话。为了确保货物在整个过程中不会受损或受损，制药、医疗和食品行业的企业越来越依赖冷链技术。冷链是指通过热包装和冷藏包装方法以及保护这些货物完整性的物流计划，沿供应链运输对温度敏感的产品。专业化使得许多公司不仅依赖于主要的运输服务提供商，如联合包裹服务公司(UPS)和联邦快递公司(FEDEX)，还依赖于更专注的行业专家，这些专家围绕温度敏感产品的运输发展了专门的物流专业知识。了解当地规则、习俗和环境条件的潜力，以及对配送路线长度和时间的估计，使其成为全球贸易中的一个重要因素。因此，在全球商品链中的几个潜在利基市场，物流业正在经历冷链运输的日益专业化和细分化。分销行业的全新部门一直非常积极地利用全球化支持的供应链空间延伸的双重发展和流通中的各种商品。从经济发展的角度来看，冷链使许多发展中国家能够参与全球易腐产品市场。从地理角度来看，冷链有以下影响:全球性的：农业功能的专业化允许将温度敏感的食品运输到遥远的市场。允许分发疫苗和其他药物或生物产品。地区性的:可以支持功能的专业化和规模经济，如专业实验室。本地性的:及时分发给最终消费者，即杂货店和餐馆。

冷链物流的出现

尽管全球商品链是运输行业相当现代化的扩张，但温度敏感商品的冷藏运输是一种可以追溯到1797年的做法，当时英国渔民使用天然冰来保存他们的鱼储备。19世纪后期，食物从农村地区流向城市消费市场，即奶制品，也见证了这一过程。冷藏也是殖民国家与其殖民地之间食品贸易的一个重要组成部分。例如，在19世纪70年代末和80年代初，法国

剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料

资料编号：[607634]，资料为PDF文档或Word文档，PDF文档可免费转换为Word