莫言:他的生活、作品和电影以及作品与中国政府外文翻译资料

 2022-12-09 10:00:45

外文文献:

MO YAN: HIS LIFE, HIS WORK WITH FILMS AND THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT

Author: Jeffrey Hays

From :FACTS AND DETAILS,2008[2017-5-10]

http://facts and details.com/china/cat7/sub39/item2865.html

MO YAN

The name Mo Yan is a pseudonym for Guan Moye. The son of farmers, he was forced by the Cultural Revolution him to leave school at 12 and work in the fields, completing his education in the army. His first short story was published in a literary journal in 1981. “In his writing Mo Yan draws on his youthful experiences and on settings in the province of his birth,' the biography said, referring to his 1987 novel published in English as “Red Sorghum” in 1993. 'Mo Yan' means 'dont speak.' He chose the name while writing his first novel to remind himself to hold his tongue and stay out of trouble. [Ibid]

Alan Cowell wrote in the New York Times: “While his American audience has been limited, a film based on his novel “Red Sorghum” and directed by Zhang Yimou, was one of the most internationally acclaimed Chinese films, seen by millions. In addition to novels, Mo Yan has published short stories, essays on various topics, and “despite his social criticism is seen in his homeland as one of the foremost contemporary authors,' the citation said. Mr. Mo was born in 1955 in Gaomi, China. The citation described him as a writer “who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary.' [Source: Alan Cowell, New York Times, October 12, 2012]

In announcing Mo Yan as the winner of the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature, secretary of the Swedish Academy Peter Englund said:'He writes about the peasantry, about life in the countryside, about people struggling to survive, struggling for their dignity, sometimes winning but most of the time losing. The basis for his books was laid when as a child he listened to folktales. The description magical realism has been used about him, but I think that is belittling him---this isnt something hes picked up from Gabriel Garciacute;a Maacute;rquez, but something which is very much his own. With the supernatural going in to the ordinary, hes an extremely original narrator.'

Alexa Olesen and Louise Nordstrom of Associated Press wrote: Mo Yans “works have been translated into English, Russian, French, German and many other languages, giving him an audience well beyond the Chinese-speaking world. Mo has a top literary agent, Andrew Wylie... [Ibid]Mo Yan, is practiced in the art of challenging the status quo without offending those who uphold it. Mo, whose popular, sprawling, bawdy tales bring to life rural China, is one the first Chinese winner of the literature prize who is not a critic of the authoritarian government.'Hes one of those people whos a bit of a sharp point for the Chinese officials, yet manages to keep his head above water,' said his longtime U.S. translator, Howard Goldblatt of the University of Notre Dame. 'Thats a fine line to walk, as you can imagine.' [Source: Alexa Olesen and Louise Nordstrom, Associated Press, October 11, 2012]

Life of Mo Yan

Mo Yan, a pseudonym for Guan Moye, was born in 1955 to parents who were farmers and grew up in Gaomi in east Chinas Shandong Province in north-eastern China. The dusty, agricultural plains of Shandong, where he grew up is also where much of his fiction is set. He left school at age 12 during the Cultural Revolution to work, first in agriculture and later in a cottonseed oil factory, according to his Nobel biography. In 1976 he joined the Peoples Liberation Army to escape rural poverty and began to study literature and write.

Mo Yan said his pen name (Mo Yan), which means “dont speak,' is actually a pen name that reflects the time in which he grew up. “At that time in China, lives were not normal, so my father and mother told me not to speak outside,' he said at a forum at the University of California, Berkeley, in 2011. “If you speak outside, and say what you think, you will get into trouble. So I listened to them and did not speak.' [Source: Andrew Jacobs and Sarah Lyall, October 11, 2012]

Mo Yan but found literary success in 1987 with Hong gaoliang jiazu (Red Sorghum), a novel that an internationally successful movie by director Zhang Yimou, set against the horrific events that unfolded as Japan invaded China in the 1930s. Set in a small village, 'Red Sorghum,' is an earthy tale of love and peasant struggles set against the backdrop of the anti-Japanese war. The film won the top prize at the Berlin International Film Festival in 1988 and launched the careers of Zhang Yimou as well as the lead actress Gong Li. Amy Tan, author of the best-selling 'The Joy Luck Club,' became an early admirer. Since then Mo Yan has been a celebrated writer who has published over a dozen novels, and received every major national literary award in China.

Mo Yan and the Success of Red Sorghum

Raymond Zhou wrote in the China Daily: “Mo Yans brush with cinematic fame started with a bang. In 1986, Mo published Red Sorghum as a novella; the following year the film version swept the world off its feet and went on to collect the Golden Bear award at the 38th Berlin International Film Festival. Red Sorghum jump-started many high-octane careers, including Zhang Yimou as Chinas pre-eminent filmmaker and Mo as a major literary figure. Both have acknowledged the others contribution to their mutual success. For Mo, 'without the movie, Id have been known only within literary circles'. [Source: Raymond Zhou, China Daily, October 12, 2012]

However, the experience also exposed his ignorance about filmmaking as an art form separate from literature. When Mo first saw Gong Li on the set, he was not impressed. 'She looked like a college girl to me, without any trace of the female lead I envisioned for the part,' he said. 'She would ruin the movie.' In ad

剩余内容已隐藏,支付完成后下载完整资料


莫言:他的生活、作品和电影以及作品与中国政府

译者姓名:马莹

南京信息工程大学语言文化学院,江苏 南京 210044

莫言

“莫言”是“管谟业”的笔名。一个中国农民的儿子,12岁时因为文化大革命,他被迫辍学在田间劳作,后来在军队受到教育。他的第一篇短篇小说发表于1981年的文学杂志。据他的传记介绍,“在他的作品中,这个作品主要指的是他1987年写成,并且在1993年用英语发表的小说《红高粱》,莫言被设置了出生,并且被安排在他的早年经历中”, “莫言”就是说“不要说话”。他在写第一部小说的时候选择这个名字,就是提醒自己要管住嘴巴,远离麻烦。

艾伦·科威尔在《纽约时报》中写道,“虽然他的美国观众是有限的,但是当导演张艺谋根据莫言的小说《红高粱》拍了电影《红高粱》以后,这部国际知名的中国电影,被数万人所知晓。”除了小说,莫言还发表了短篇小说以及关于各类话题的短文。莫言1955年出生于中国高密,有文章称,“尽管他因为小说所表现的社会批评在中国被视为是当代最重要的小说家之一,但也是一位具有虚幻现实主义,将民间故事、历史以及现实融入在一起的作家。”(来源:艾伦·科威尔.《纽约时报》.2012年10月12日)

在宣布莫言是2012年诺贝尔文学奖的获得者时,瑞典皇家科学院部长彼得·英格伦说,“他写的是生活在农村的农民,人们为了生存而挣扎,为了自己的尊严而奋斗,有时候会拥有,但大多数时候都在失去。他的小说基本来源于小时候听的民间故事,有人认为莫言的作品受到马尔克斯的影响,虽然我认为这是在贬低莫言,但是不得不承认他的小说的确极具魔幻现实主义色彩。随着超自然现象的发生,他是一个非常原始的叙述者。”

美联社的艾力克·奥尔森和路易斯Nordstrom写到,“莫言的作品已经被翻译成英语、俄语、法语、德语等多种语言,他的观众远远超出了华语世界。莫言有一个顶级的文学代理——Andrew Wylie(安德鲁·威力)。莫言,是在挑战现状的艺术中实践的,而不冒犯那些维护它的人。莫言是第一个获得文学奖的中国作家,而不是一个权威政府的批评者,他的通俗、粗俗,又有点下流的故事给中国农村带来了生机。”圣母大学的霍华德·戈德布拉特,长期在美国工作的翻译,他说:“莫言用一些尖锐的语言评论中国官员,另外他还要设法保证自己不会同流合污,可想而知,这是一个不错的选择。”(来源:艾力克·奥尔森和路易斯Nordstrom.美联社.2012年10月11日)

莫言的生活

莫言的原名是管谟业,莫言是他的笔名,他1995年出生在中国的东北部山东省高密县的一个农村家庭。山东那个尘土飞扬的农村平原是他成长的地方,也是他小说的素材地。据他的诺贝尔传记介绍,他12岁因为文化大革命不得不辍学去工作,首先从事农耕,后来又去了棉籽油工厂。1976年莫言加入了中国人民解放军,为了摆脱贫困,他学习了文学和写作。

莫言说他的笔名“莫言”,意思是“不要说话”。事实上这个笔名也影响了他整个成长经历。2011年,他在加州大学,伯利克分校的一个论坛上说,“那个时候的中国生活很不寻常,所以我的父母告诉我在外面不要说话,如果你在外面说了你的想法,你会有大麻烦。所以我不说话只听别人的。”(来源:安德鲁·雅各布斯、莎拉.2012年10月11日)

莫言1987年在香港因为《红高粱家族》取得成功。一部小说被张艺谋导演成一部国际著名电影,讲述的是1930年在一个小村庄上演的抗日战争的故事。《红高粱》是一部设置在抗日背景下,讲述朴实的爱以及农民斗争的故事。1988年,这部电影在柏林国际电影节上获得了最高奖项,从此开启了张艺谋和巩俐的职业生涯。《喜乐会》是一部最畅销的小说,它的作者谭恩美是《红高粱》的最早崇拜者。自那以后,莫言成为了一个有名的作家,出版了十几部小说,并在中国获得了全国文学大奖。

莫言和他的成功之作《红高粱》

雷蒙德周在《中国日报》上写到,“莫言在电影界声名鹊起,1986年他发布了中篇小说《红高粱》,第二年,电影版本让世界称叹不已,并获得了第38届柏林国际电影节金熊奖。《红高粱》集结了很多优秀的工作者,包括中国卓越的导演张艺谋和中国重要的文学人物莫言,双方都承认对方为自己的成功做出了贡献。莫言自己也说,lsquo;如果没有这部电影,我也只能被文学圈内的人所知。rsquo;”(来源:雷蒙德周.《中国日报》.2012年10月12日)

但是这些行为也暴露了他对电影制作的无知,因为这是一种与文学不同的艺术形式。当莫言在片场第一次看到巩俐时并没有留下深刻的印象。他说:“对我来说,她就像一个女大学生,没有任何我想要的女主的感觉,她会毁了这部电影的。”此外,他根据自己小说改编的厚厚的剧本,也被张艺谋大幅削减,只剩下了七到八页。当然,结果令他大吃一惊,荧幕上仅仅五分钟的喜轿场景,就有着惊人的视觉效果和令人难忘的魔力。

1987年,莫言获得了800块钱《红高粱》的版权费,这是他除去作为剧本的三个作家之一所获得的1200元之后得到的。莫言说;“我当时激动得整晚睡不着觉,虽然在现在看来那些钱微不足道,因为现在一些作者把自己小说的版权卖出去可以挣几百万。” 莫言明智地放弃了他偶尔参与的电影行业,他还表示,“在你写小说的时候不要考虑电影素材,不要迎合导演,因为从小说里面挑出有用的东西是导演的工作。”

继“天安门事件”之后,莫言坚持在“体制内”写作

Perry Link在《纽约书评》中写道,“每一个严肃的作家和艺术家,在1989年之后都不得不面对是否坚持,并且还要坚持多少在“体制内”的问题,像莫言,毫无疑问地留在了“体制内”,他们对于官方给出的指导方针或多或少做出相应的调整和改变,比如他们在公开发行的小说里面表明自己没有参加过这样的事情。在后来20年的经济繁荣时期,金钱已经成为了留在“体制内”的一个重要诱因。导演张艺谋的《红高粱》也一直在lsquo;体制内rsquo;。直到2008年,他被邀请编排和指导壮观的北京奥运会开幕式,(显然,这没有讽刺的意思),那是只有像中国或者北朝鲜这样的国家才能设计的盛会。”

莫言最大的挑战就是,1990年以后要开始找一个文学声音可以供他长期使用。《红高粱》是一个真正的突破,但是只是因为1980年的政治局势,许多作家的都让自己的名字进入了禁区。《红高粱》分为两种:性自由和真理——讲述的是与日本的战争。但是在90年代,少量的禁区被打破,并且留下了记录(1989年的大屠杀,腐败的政治精英,西藏和新疆)这些极度禁止的事情是不可触碰的。莫言需要其他的东西。

这个已经被他接受了的“声音”被称为粗俗幽默,但是他的文章比博拉雷更粗俗。人类的动物本性——吃、排泄、战争、尖叫、流血、流汗、私通,比比皆是,另外还做动物避免的某些特征,比如恃强凌弱、纵容和背叛。有时候,但并不是经常,莫言的表达饱含着讽刺,并且包含了丰富的想象力,以至于有的评论家将他和马尔克斯的“魔幻现实主义”相比较。(这是有人怀疑莫言读过拉伯雷或者马尔克斯的作品,但这只是有相似之处,两者并不相互影响。)

莫言是中国的政治评论家吗?

安德鲁·雅各布斯和莎拉·莱尔在《纽约时报》中写道,“就像他在自己的国家广受欢迎一样的,国外的阅读者也很欣赏他。莫言不是共产党的工具,他的大部分作品含有社会批评,但是他不考虑自己的政治立场,并且他不采取反对政府的立场,而中国作家协会副主席却引起了中国不同政见的方面的批评。”(来源:安德鲁·雅各布斯、莎拉·莱尔.《纽约时报》.2012年10月11日)

莫言的小说触及了很多中国的敏感话题包括“文化大革命”和中国严格执行的计划生育。比如他1988年所写的著作之一《天堂蒜薹之歌》(1995年在英国出版),讲述的是中国农民起义反对政府的渎职,带有几分神秘色彩,并且避免抨击具体的政府官员。但据戈德布拉特介绍,当初这本书在1989年学生骚乱之后出现,被认为过于尖锐和讽刺,所以先在台湾出版,后来才在大陆出版。

莫言开始写作是在军队,他一直避免在公众视野批判政府,还被指责拒绝在海外研讨会上与持不同政见的作家一同出席。

剩余内容已隐藏,支付完成后下载完整资料


资料编号:[27843],资料为PDF文档或Word文档,PDF文档可免费转换为Word

您需要先支付 30元 才能查看全部内容!立即支付

课题毕业论文、外文翻译、任务书、文献综述、开题报告、程序设计、图纸设计等资料可联系客服协助查找。