民俗学，社会资本的恢复与社区文化外文翻译资料

民俗学，社会资本的恢复与社区文化

原文作者： ManeeratJanthaluck

摘要：民间文化包含许多传播的民间故事，这些故事是重要的文化遗产。民间故事往往通过暗示，提出道德箴言来指导社区的人们，从而形成一种社区文化。如今，讲故事的娱乐已经被电视，收音机，VCD播放器等媒体取代，这些媒体被认为比故事更有趣，因此故事逐渐从家庭中消失。另一种消失是故事旁边的家庭中的讨论空间，这成为家庭分开的差距。当这种差距扩大了家庭乃至整个社区的沟通和理解时，地方智慧就不会被传递，老年人的作用无疑会减弱。这项研究的领域有一个关于不同年龄段人群之间差距的问题。家庭没有机会教他们的孩子，所以孩子有不正当的行为，缺乏公众意识，老年人的社会角色也被削弱了，从而社区缺少文化的凝聚力，人们对社区的归属感也随之减弱了。 2008年，研究人员在进行民间文学研究时认识到民间文学艺术的价值和力量，因此有兴趣用它来指导人们并在社区建立良好的关系。

关键词：社区文化； 民俗；社区活动；归属感

一、框架简介

这是使用参与式行动研究，旨在研究当前本地环境的价值和民俗意义的定性调查研究和研究民俗的结构之间的关系，以及推广使用民俗文化作为社会资本来形成人们学习过程研究结果显示，民俗文化，特别是民间本土故事有助于为社区人士创造社区空间，促进人们相互交流和互动。并且作为社区主要社会资本的老年人再次发挥了宝贵的作用，为社区带来了快乐和文化传承的作用。社区中的人们，特别是儿童和年轻人通过讲故事活动了解社区历史以及社区本土文化。人们通过倾听这些故事改变他们的思维方式和行为方式，民俗文化也随之变为社区特有的本土文化，这种文化也促进了社区形成了一股有力的凝聚力。

二、目标

（一）研究当前民俗文化中的民间文学艺术的价值和意义。

（二）促进民俗文化中的民间文学艺术作为社会资本用于形成社区人士的学习过程。

三、研究方法

这是一项使用参与式行动研究的定性研究。 它是研究者与研究领域的社区，组织和机构之间的研究和合作。 研究领域是特别选定的；研究人群还特别选自/ BY /领导，老年人和组织代表，以及随机选自/ BY管理人员。总样本群体由78人组成，根据社区背景和情况灵活。 研究程序安排如下：

（一）研究领域的准备：

1、与社区共同开发研究团队，制定提案并建立运营程序共同；

1、使用定性工具安排数据收集，验证数据并审查过程；

（二）有关的学术文献和文献的研究具有以下内容：

1、社会结构；

2、社会变革的概念；

3、学习支持过程；

4、结构功能主义的概念；

5、相关文件和研究；

（三）现场数据收集：

1、数据收集的重点如下：

2、基本信息和一般背景，历史和社区变化；

3、关于个人、机构、团体和组织在社会的角色和职责；

4、与研究有关的其他信息；

（四）研究工具

1、深入访谈：非结构化访谈收集个人关于问题的数据

关于社区的社会变化，过去和现在的社会纪律，关于社区背景和历史的信息，以及个人，机构，团体和组织在社区中的作用和义务。

2、焦点小组：收集交流和学习所需的额外信息或问题

3、有关机构数据收集问卷

四、研究结果

（一） 民俗学在当代地方语境中的价值与意义

为了检验民间文学艺术的价值和意义，研究者既研究了历史也研究了民间文艺，以便根据不同时期的社区变化来评估村民的态度。在研究的135个家庭中，有51个家庭的讲故事活动每月少于一次，12个家庭每月讲故事3-5次，每月有9个家庭讲故事，63个家庭根本没有讲故事的活动。与过去相比（约50年）之前），发现从事讲故事活动的家庭数量没有那么不同;该不同的是，过去人们比人们有更多的机会倾听这些故事如今。从数据收集中，发现班康桑昌村有民间传说总共可以写下74个故事，根据民间传说分为10类理论Siraporn Na Thalang。如下：1、隐含教学点的民间故事-16层;2、民间传说与笑话 - 14层;3、关于动物的民俗 - 11个故事; 4、有原因的民间故事解释 - 10个故事;5、神话 - 9个故事; 6、关于生活的民俗 - 6个故事。有41人有天赋在讲故事的家庭中讲故事。他们中的大多数人表示他们继续讲故事是因为这些故事很有趣，并且在内容上有很好的戒律。他们也有讲述故事时的美好回忆，因为他们记得过去曾有过讨论空间他们的家人，他们错过了周围聚集在一起听的氛围和他们的朋友那些故事。这些家庭拥有对民间传说的印象，因为它是令人愉快的，并且这些家庭的人们都是由他们抚养的父母谁使用民间传说来教他们。他们因此认识到民间传说的重要性现在也可以用于教孩子们。而且，民间传说是创造的东西记忆，并告诉有关传统和仪式的历史。通过恢复民间文学艺术，形成了一个讨论空间并且社区的人们能够更频繁地见面和交谈。在这里的人们社区也认识到他们的能力，能够相互合作，接受意见的老年人，并帮助筹集资金，成功建设新的布道大厅，以取代旧的。

（二）推广使用民间传说作为社会资本促进社区人们学习

社区文化建设的一个重要目标就是要在社区成员中确立共同的的价值目标，是全体社区成员发扬参与精神和互助精神，增进对社区的认同感和归属感，共同建设新社区，社区还应从自己的地域环境、历史文化、成员的文化价值取向等实际状况出发，形成具有个性的社区精神。同时提高社区成员的参与度，社区成员的参与度是社区文化建设的一个重要指标，是衡量社区文化建设成功与否的重要尺度。缺乏社区成员发的参与的文化生活，又再好的动机、再新的创意、再大的投入也只能是无用之功。加强社区文化专业工作者队伍的建设。要结合城市政府机构改革，继续深化社区文化管理体制改革，加快社区文化机构人事制度改革的步伐，理顺政府和文化企业事业单位的关系，建立科学合理、灵活高效的文化管理体制。同时，要建立社区文化机构的工作岗位规范，逐步实行工作人员的从业资格制度。并通过加强对社区文化工作者的培训，不断提高他们的思想素质和业务素质，以适应新形势下社区文化工作的份儿需要。加强社区文化志愿者队伍的建设。要根据不同的社区的具体情况，成立一些群众性的文化社团组织，组建社区教育宣讲队、科普队、文艺演出队、书画社等多种群众志愿参与的队伍。

五、讨论

民间传说为社区中的人们带来了关系的恢复。有讨论空间让人们更常见面并帮助恢复记忆。部分原因是因为他们分享了过去的回忆，尤其是那些回忆民间传说的人。这表明能够束缚社会的事情是团体活动，它应该形成共同的意识，情感，利益和利益。另外，民间传说也反映了一种生活方式，通过将民间传说作为一种手段从教科书中学习之外，还能够学习其他的东西。这可以安排为听、说、内容分析和民间文学艺术的恢复过程，这是社会资本。由于生活方式的变化，很难让人们像过去一样聚集和讲故事。为了让民间传说回归现代社会，它必须根据格式进行修改应用和辅助活动，必须定期在学校和社区提供。关于民间文艺传承的过程，老年人应该重新在社会中发挥作用。这将恢复社会资本和社区文化，并导致合作。社区中的人们将互相信任并成为团结的人际关系。这项研究为社区创造了一个无个人利益的合作新层面，这将有助于社区解决未来可能面临的问题。此外，这项研究还恢复了社区的历史，使人们可以审查他们的角色，并认识到他们原有文化的价值，并为社区创造一个身份。这与Suriya Smutkup和Pattana Kiti-asa提到的叙事和记忆的力量，社会越发困难越多社会中的人们将有被认为是重要内容的叙述和记忆。可以说，民间传说的恢复让老年人成为了社会的主要资本社区，重新获得在社区中的宝贵作用。孩子们也喜欢，而且一直通过讲故事活动来教导。人们能够了解社区的历史和他们的历史通过讲故事的根源，他们也很自豪并能够改变他们的思维方式听取这些故事的行为。失踪的传统和当地的戏剧被恢复和社区空间让人们相互见面和互动，形成了合作关系在社区进行活动，成为后来解决社区问题的权力。

外文文献出处：Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences Volume 65, 3 December 2012,Pages 218-224

参考文献

[1]Thammawat, J. (2005). Local Folklore: Cultural Capital and Social Capital Document supplementing the Seminar on Value of Folklore in Thai Society: Impact on Life Quality Development 20 21 January, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University

[2]Penprachan, B. (2008) Restoration of Palm Leaf Manuscript in the New Generation of [3]Imagination of the People s Democratic Republic of Laos Mahasarakham Doctoral Thesis: Mahasarakham University.

[4]Katha, P. (2004) The Study on Social Capital and Role in Social Movement on Health: A Case Study on Health Community of One Village in the North East of Thailand. M.A.T. Thesis: Mahidol University.

[5]Na Thalang, S. (2009). Folklore Theory: Methodology in Myth-Folklore Analysis nd Edition, Bangkok: Chulalongkorn University Printing House.

[6]Suntornphesat, S. (2005) Villages in the North East in the Period of Cold War : Sociology of Villages in the North East Bangkok Pim Dee Co., Ltd.

[7]Smutkup, S. amp; Kiti-asa, P. (1999) Yuan Sikhiew in Ethnic Junctions: Narratives, Memories, and Identities of the Tai Yuan in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. Nakhon Ratchasima Suranaree University of Technology.

[8]Pangchansri, Y. (2009) Community Radio Station and Restoration of Community Culture, A Case Study: Wat Pa Suan Dharma Ruamjai Radio Station, Yasothon Province. Thesis Mahasarakham. : Mahasarakham University.

[9]Panyo, S. (2008) The Study on Role of Ghosts in Lanna Folklore Master of Arts Thesis Chiang Mai Chiang Mai University.

附外文文献原文:

Folklore, Restoration of Social Capital and Community Culture

Abstract:

This is a qualitative research study using participatory action research and aimed to (1 Study the value and meaning of folklore in current local context, (2 study the correlation between folklore structure and northeastern social structure, and (3 promote the use of folklore as social capital for the formation of child learning process. The sample group consisted of students and teachers, the elderly, and parents totaling 102 persons. Among the people in the sample group were 52 students from Class 1 (Grade 1-3) from Ban Kham Sang Chang School, Namkham Subdistrict, Thai Charoe

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Folklore, Restoration of Social Capital and Community Culture

Abstract:

This is a qualitative research study using participatory action research and aimed to (1 Study the value and meaning of folklore in current local context, (2 study the correlation between folklore structure and northeastern social structure, and (3 promote the use of folklore as social capital for the formation of child learning process. The sample group consisted of students and teachers, the elderly, and parents totaling 102 persons. Among the people in the sample group were 52 students from Class 1 (Grade 1-3) from Ban Kham Sang Chang School, Namkham Subdistrict, Thai Charoen District, Yasothon Province, and teachers and parents of the students in the community totaling 50 persons. The research findings revealed that folklore helped in creating community space for people in the community to meet and interact with each other. The elderly, who were the key social capital of the community, were able to play their valuable roles once again, which brought happiness to the community. Children and young people learnt about the history of the community, which was their root, through the storytelling activity and were able to change their ways of thinking and behaviors from listening to these stories. Missing traditions and playing activity were restored, resulting in cooperation in performing activities of the community.

1.Introduction to the Framework

Folklore consists of stories that have been passed on until they become an important cultural heritage. The purpose of storytelling is to bring enjoyment, pass on tradition and ritual and, by implication, present a moral precept to instruct people in the community so that they will become people of good quality. In the past, stories played the role of instructing people for them to properly be good people for their age and task by relying on the methods of forming arts and appreciation, building faith using entertainment and the rhythm of prose, and giving loving kindness in order to communicate to people who are being instructed Jaruwan Thammawat: 2005 . Nowadays, several kinds of entertainment have replaced stories e.g., television, radio, VCD players and other media, which are seen as more interesting than stories, and therefore stories are gradually disappearing from families. Another thing disappearing alongside stories is discussion space in family. This becomes a gap that sets families apart. When this gap widens communication and understanding decrease and teaching is quite difficult, local wisdom is not passed on, and the role of senior citizens is unquestioningly diminished. The area of this study had an issue about the gap between people of different ages. Families did not have opportunity to teach their children and so the children had improper behaviors, lacked public awareness, and the social roles of senior citizens were diminished. In 2008, the researcher realized the value and power of folklore while conducting a study investigating folklore, and was therefore interested in using it to instruct children and build good relationships in the community.

2. Objectives

( 1) To study value and meaning of folklore in the current local context

(2) To study the correlation between folklore structure and northeastern social structure

( 3) To promote the use of folklore as social capital for the formation of child learning processes 3. Conceptual Framework The researcher aimed to study and understand the following

3. Research Methodology

This is a participatory action research study (PAR). The researcher conducted the study using several study methods including document, interview, observation, group discussion, and participation in community activities. The sample group of this study consisted of 102 persons as follows:

1. Students in Class 1 (Grade 1-3 from Ban Kham Sang Chang School, Namkham Sub-district, Thai Charoen District, Yasothon Province (52 persons)

2. Teachers, the elderly, parents of students in the community (50 persons). The study was conducted according to the processes of participatory action research as follows:

Phase 1 preparation phase included studying and review, conceptual document, theory and related research (the concepts of social capital, community culture, social memory, and folklore theory have been applied to this research,) selection of area and target group, community survey, and relationship building with community;

Phase 2 Research Phase included determination of the problem with the community, research design and data collection, data analysis, and data presentation to the community. A research team meeting was held to prepare the research tools and to emphasize the importance of research team participation. The problems of children and youth were analyzed in discussion with community leaders and by interviewing stakeholders in order to gain different opinions on the problems, to ensure consistent information for all parties, to determine the guidelines for conducting the research collectively. Researchers and the related parties in the community later developed the research problem together, consulted on the data collecting form, making suitable adjustments, determined research plans and procedures, methods of data collection, types of data, data providers, and assigned roles and duties. The data group consisted of the following:

- Types of data to be collected consisted of data on community context, area changes, family situation and social capital

- Data collection: data collection for this research was carried out using in-depth interview, focus group discussion, observation, forum, tape recording, note taking and photo taking;

Phase 3 Summarizing and Assessment Phase included operation planning, plan implementation, knowledge enhancement training for research participants, follow-up and assessment, and presenta

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