社会工作介入敬老院孤独老人外文翻译资料

社会工作介入敬老院孤独老人

原文作者Guofeng Bian 单位Department of Social Management, Tianjin Vocational Institute

摘要：摘随着中国的老龄化问题越来越严重，考虑到近几十年来计划生育，养老政策由家庭本位向社会本位转变，老年人的制度关怀是一个重要的选择。作为社会服务，社会工作可以在小团体下帮助解决敬老院老人的问题。强调孤独在敬老院老人的情况，分析社会工作实践的方法，本研究的目的是在解决敬老院老人的问题提供一些指导。

关键词：敬老院； 老人；社会工作

一、介绍

针对老年人的制度关怀现状，公共卫生和社会心理学越来越受到研究者的重视。然而，关于老年人的孤独状况、生活条件、生活质量、社会工作等方面的研究却很少。因此，通过对敬老院老人的现状，本研究进一步阐述了老年人孤独带来的问题，并针对这些问题提出了建议。这些建议包括：通过社会工作解决老年人的具体困难，通过多样化的娱乐活动丰富老年人的精神生活，重建家庭纽带，调解老年人与其亲属之间的矛盾。这些建议可以有效地解决老人的孤独问题和提高在敬老院老年人的服务，从而促进社会和谐。

二、在敬老院孤独老人的现状分析

如今，社会敬老院老年人一般都有孤独感的问题，主要体现在以下几个方面：

第一个方面是环境适应。这是一个巨大的变化在他们的居住环境对老年人从家庭敬老院。老年人的适应能力弱，从而产生强烈的孤独感，影响新环境的沟通。因此，一些老年人变得沉默寡言，严重影响了他们的生活质量。

第二个方面是老年人不能与卫生保健提供者保持良好的关系。在社会敬老院，卫生保健提供者是老年人密切相关，关心和管理他们的日常生活。然而，由于这些卫生服务提供者和老年人生活环境的质量，他们中的一些人往往误解了老年人，导致了老年人和保健提供者之间的一些冲突。最后，老人的孤独感会由于不相容性变得更强。

第三个方面是与室友联系。由于老年人更多地强调家庭的爱，所以在同一间屋子里，许多老年人会引起冲突。老年人在同一个房间里会受到安宁。一个有许多老人的房间似乎很和谐，没有孤独的问题。然而，一旦冲突发生在一个房间里，老年人的孤独感，很快就可以升级为隔阂。

第四个方面是与家庭成员的关系。当老人把从家到社会敬老院，他们经常认为他们是被家庭遗弃。老年人进入社会敬老院后，老人和他们的家庭成员之间的隔阂会越来越深，带来更多的冲突和孤独的老人。

第五个方面是相关的疾病，也可导致像孤独的心理问题。随着年龄的增长，老年人患病更为普遍。由于缺乏对疾病的认识，病痛带来的挫折将严重影响生理和心理的健康发展。一些老年人甚至患上抑郁症，有自残和自杀的意图，这是疾病以外的孤独。

根据上述方面，社会工作，有中国特色的一种机制，可在他们定居敬老院后用来处理和解决老人的孤独感和相应的心理问题。从而提高老年人的生活质量，形成积极的精神，实现老年人的关怀和老年人的安慰。

三、社会工作如何应对老年人孤独的措施

社会工作模式、政府行为方式和市场行为模式，是由专业服务机构在社区与全社会、个人和群体之间相互作用和服务的人系。有了这些机构的特殊性，可以改变互动环境，促进基于专业技能的二者的和谐。社会工作的基本原则是提倡助人自助，这是解决敬老院老人的孤独问题的重要途径。

（一）组织相关部门对改善老年人的精神文化生活

社会敬老院工作人员由护士，医生，和专业的服务人员，谁能给老年人提供良好的医疗服务和护理。同时，许多社会敬老院设立了卫生保健中心和康复中心，便于老年人得到治疗和恢复的时间。许多社会敬老院提供一系列的医疗和基本生活用品的老人，他们中的一些人甚至成立了娱乐中心的老人享受到有空的时候。虽然有敬老院一些好的设施，老年人仍然不能融入集体，他们中的一些人依然孤独。相反，一些条件较差的敬老院可以让老人过上幸福的生活。这两种敬老院之间存在差异的原因在于老年人的精神文化生活的改善。

许多社会敬老院没有足够的专业人才，所以他们只能提供物质帮助的老年人；精神服务很少提供。在一般情况下，敬老院没有专业人才计划和组织的精神文化活动的老人。为了解决这个问题，社会工作者可以利用自己的专长和资源的敬老院协助进行相关活动，使老年人增加他们的凝聚力，丰富他们的精神生活。在这个过程中，考虑到老年人的教育差异，社会工作者应该提供给大家参加多种活动的机会，消除他们的孤独。

（二）积极提供个人或团体的服务来解决老年人的孤独问题

在一些社会敬老院，由于医疗问题和生活条件的不同，老年人可能感觉被家人抛弃。如果长时间的抑郁存在，一些心理问题可能被开发，如抑郁症、阿尔茨海默病和焦虑症。这些心理问题是严重的孤独感密切相关。此外，当老人第一次走进社会敬老院，会有一些冲突的中老年人在同一个房间或收缩的老人和他们的家庭成员或服务员之间。如果这些冲突或收缩不能及时消除，老年人会感到孤立，从而产生严重的心理问题。对于这些问题，服务员应帮助老年人过上更舒适、更清洁的生活。如果这些矛盾不能得到妥善解决，该敬老院不能在实际管理中发挥作用。

因此，社会工作可以为老年人提供心理咨询服务，帮助他们缓解情绪和优化他们的自我认同。通过个别服务（针对有严重心理问题的老年人）或团体服务，护理人员应进一步分析老年人孤独问题的主要原因。然后，基于这些原因，服务员应该帮助老年人和相关人员重建和谐关系，从而解开了老人的心理疙瘩和解决他们的心理障碍。团体服务旨在帮助有类似心理问题的老年人。一方面，它可以打开老年人的精神疙瘩；另一方面，它可以为群体成员之间的交流提供桥梁，分享他们的相似经历。这种交流和分享是减轻负担的重要途径，它能有效地消除老年人的心理障碍，从而解决老年人的心理问题。

（三）构建稳定的团队，建立社会支持系统

由于老年人的孤独问题是一个长期的过程，娱乐活动不能最终解决敬老院老人的孤独问题。此外，人员配置不能满足精神卫生服务的要求。一些社会敬老院有很高的人员流动，可以带来新的服务人员，很容易造成交际障碍，从而影响老年人心理。因此，一方面，社会敬老院的服务团队要稳定提高自己的综合素质和服务水平；另一方面，服务人员不仅要为老年人提供基本的服务，而且还提供心理护理对老年人。只有通过两个层次的护理，才能消除老年人的孤独问题。

为了实现这一目标，社会敬老院需要制定相应的激励机制，提高护理人员的专业水平，积极促进社会工作者在社会敬老院工作。个体或群体的救济应实施和社会敬老院服务人员的培训应该是由社会工作者进行，从而提高这些人员的专业水平。同时，社会工作者应该形成一个可回收的社会支持系统。通过优化社会工作者，不断完善整个社会支持体系，丰富老年人的生活环境。

（四）强调社会工作者的能力和提高他们的专业水平

社会服务人员的专业水平有待提高，社会工作者的素质也有待提高。社会工作者虽然有一定的实践经验，但就老年人的心理问题而言，这些经验并不足以解决老年人的孤独问题。事实上，许多社会工作者经常冲突的老人和敬老院的要求做个人救济时。在这种情况下，很难考虑救助对象和敬老院的发展。社会工作的技巧和方法

能有效地帮助社会工作者增强平衡和协调能力，从而解决这些问题。对于那些初来乍到的习惯性问题或人际关系问题，这些问题不可以演变成严重的心理问题。因此，在老年人的相互影响和相关人员的服务下，可以引入群体社会工作，帮助新来的人进行适应性培训，使这些新来者得到整合。尽快进入老年人的集体。该方法能更好地帮助老年人度过适应期，从而防止老年人的孤独感问题。

从某种意义上说，社会工作在帮助他人起着非常明显的作用，可以有效地解决社会敬老院发生的常见问题。目前，在中国社会工作是在早期的年龄；因此，有很多东西需要改进和实践探索大量，从而总结经验，提高社会工作专业。同时，它可以提高社会工作在解决老年人和社会敬老院服务水平的孤独问题的作用，从而实现对老年人的人文关怀。社会工作者

要认真总结经验，不断提高综合素质，学习不同方面的专业知识。同时，应引进更多的专业人才，实现多重救济。

四、结论

社会工作只能通过涉及各种专业人才和机构来发挥作用。对于社会敬老院的孤独的问题，社会工作者是不是唯一的服务提供商。多元服务可以在丰富精神方面发挥积极作用。老年人的生活和解决人际关系、适应能力和相对冲突的问题。此外，社会工作绩效评价也应该由不同的专业机构来进行，包括服务提供者的自我评价、服务接受者的评价和第三方的评价。评价机制可以不断优化社会工作绩效，提高社会工作满意度。

外文文献出处：中国知网

附外文文献原文：

1. INTRODUCTION

For the current situation of institutional care of the elderly, many researchers paid more attention on public health and social psychology. However, there are few researches on the lonely situation of the elderly ,their living conditions, and living qualities as well as social work. Therefore, by analyzing the lonely situation of the elderly in gerocomiums, this study further elaborated the problems caused by lonely elderly and then proposed some suggestions for these problems. These suggestions included solving concrete difficulties for the elderly through social work, enriching their spiritual life through diversified entertainment, and mediating the contradictions between the elderly and their relatives by reconstructing family bond. These suggestions can effectively solve the loneliness problems of the elderly and improve the services for the aged people in gerocomiums, thus promoting the social harmony.

二、ANALYSIS ON THE CURRENT SITUATION OF LONELY ELDERLY IN GEROCOMIUMS

Nowadays, the elderly in social gerocomiums generally have loneliness problems, which are reflected in the following aspects.

The first aspect is environmental adaptation. It is a huge change in their living environment for the elderly to move from families to gerocomiums. The adaptation abilities of the elderly are weak, which can generates strong aloneness, affecting their communication in the new environment. Therefore, some old people become incommunicative, which severely affects their living qualities.

The second aspect is that the elderly cannot get on well with health care providers. In social gerocomiums, health care providers are closely related to the elderly, caring and managing their daily life. However, due to the quality of these health care providers and living habitats of the elderly, some of them often misunderstand the elderly, resulting in some conflicts between the elderly and health care providers. Finally, the aloneness of the elderly will get stronger as a result of the incompatibility.

The third aspect is contact with roommates. Since the elderly emphasize more on family love, conflicts can

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Social work on lonely situation of the elderly in gerocomiums

原文作者Guofeng Bian 单位Department of Social Management, Tianjin Vocational Institute

摘要：As Chinarsquo;s aging problem is becoming more and more severe, considering the family planning

over the past several decades, the elderly-care policy is transformed from family-oriented to society-oriented, and institutional care of the elderly is an important choice. As a social service, social work can be carried out in small groups to help solve the loneliness problem of the elderly in gerocomiums. By emphasizing the lonely situation of the elderly in gerocomiums and analyzing the practical methods of social work, this study is aimed at providing some guidance to solve the loneliness problem of the elderly in gerocomiums.

关键词：Gerocomiums; Elderly; Social work

文献原文：

1. INTRODUCTION

For the current situation of institutional care of the elderly, many researchers paid more attention on public health and social psychology. However, there are few researches on the lonely situation of the elderly ,their living conditions, and living qualities as well as social work. Therefore, by analyzing the lonely situation of the elderly in gerocomiums, this study further elaborated the problems caused by lonely elderly and then proposed some suggestions for these problems. These suggestions included solving concrete difficulties for the elderly through social work, enriching their spiritual life through diversified entertainment, and mediating the contradictions between the elderly and their relatives by reconstructing family bond. These suggestions can effectively solve the loneliness problems of the elderly and improve the services for the aged people in gerocomiums, thus promoting the social harmony.

二、ANALYSIS ON THE CURRENT SITUATION OF LONELY ELDERLY IN GEROCOMIUMS

Nowadays, the elderly in social gerocomiums generally have loneliness problems, which are reflected in the following aspects.

The first aspect is environmental adaptation. It is a huge change in their living environment for the elderly to move from families to gerocomiums. The adaptation abilities of the elderly are weak, which can generates strong aloneness, affecting their communication in the new environment. Therefore, some old people become incommunicative, which severely affects their living qualities.

The second aspect is that the elderly cannot get on well with health care providers. In social gerocomiums, health care providers are closely related to the elderly, caring and managing their daily life. However, due to the quality of these health care providers and living habitats of the elderly, some of them often misunderstand the elderly, resulting in some conflicts between the elderly and health care providers. Finally, the aloneness of the elderly will get stronger as a result of the incompatibility.

The third aspect is contact with roommates. Since the elderly emphasize more on family love, conflicts can be aroused among many alien elderly in the same room. The peace will be disturbed among the elderly in the same room. A room with many old people may seem to be harmonious and do not have the problem of loneliness. However, once conflicts happen among the elderly in a room, the aloneness can soon escalate into estrangement.

The forth aspect is the relationship with family members. When the elderly are sent from home to social gerocomiums, they often think they are abandoned by their families. After the elderly enter social gerocomiums, the estrangement between the elderly and their family members tends to get deeper and deeper, bringing more conflicts and aloneness to the elderly.

The fifth aspect is related to diseases, which can also lead to psychological problems like aloneness. With the increasing age, it is more general for the elderly to have diseases. Due to lack of knowledge about diseases, the frustration brought by painful illness will severely influence the healthy development of physiology and psychology. Some of the elderly can even suffer from depression and have the intention of autotomy and suicide, which is disease beyond aloneness.

According to the mentioned aspects, the social work, a mechanism with Chinese characteristics, can be used to handle and solve the aloneness and corresponding psychological problems of the elderly after they settle down in gerocomiums. Then, the quality of life of the elderly can be improved and they will have positive spirits; the goal of caring the elderly and comforting the elderly can be achieved.

三、MEASURES OF SOCIAL WORK TO DEAL WITH THE ALONENESS OF THE ELDERLY

The mode of social work, the behavior of government and market are human systems, which is interaction and service offered by professional service institutions between communities and the whole society, individuals, and the group. With the specialty of these institutions, the interaction environment can be changed to promote the harmony between the two based on the professional skills. The basic principle of social work is to advocate helping others and helping

themselves, which is an important way to solve the loneliness problem of the elderly in gerocomiums.

（一）Organizing relevant departments to improve the spiritual and cultural life of the elderly

The staff of social gerocomiums is composed of nurses, doctors, and professional attendants, who can offer good medical service and nursing to the elderly. Meanwhile, many social gerocomiums have set up health care center and health recovery center, which is convenient for the elderly to get treated and recover in time. Many social gerocomiums provide a series of medical service and basic necessities of life to the elderly, and some of them even set up entertainment center for the

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