智能医疗管理系统:医疗设备维修工单优先排序的新方法外文翻译资料

 2023-03-15 11:06:03

智能医疗管理系统:医疗设备维修工单优先排序的新方法

关键词:生物医学技术管理,工作订单优先级,预防性维护,质量控制

有效的医疗技术维护管理将影响到医疗服务的质量和医疗机构的盈利能力。约旦的医疗设备维修缺乏客观的优先次序制度;因此,系统对设备停机对病人发病率和死亡率的影响不敏感。目前的工作提出了一个新的软件系统(EQUI- MEDCOMP),旨在实现对医疗技术维护管理的有效改进。该工单优先级排序模型通过计算每个请求的不同优先级索引对医疗维护请求进行排序。这个模型利用若干约旦医院的维修需求来评估其绩效。事实证明,该系统在基于提供医疗服务能力和患者结果的设备停机时间最小化方面非常有效。此外,还采用了一个预防性维护优化模块和一个设备质量控制系统。因此,该系统有望提高医疗设备的可靠性,显著提高安全性和成本效益。

介绍

在医院内安全、有效和经济地使用医疗设备需要跟踪每一个独立的设备。医院中需要跟踪和管理的医疗设备数量从小型社区医院的1 000个设备到大型学术医疗中心的1万多个[1]。王等人指出,医疗设备停机最常见的原因是缺乏维护、规划和管理。因此,他们对医疗设备纳入标准以及统计技术在医疗设备管理计划中的应用进行了广泛的讨论和审查[2,3]。医疗设备管理在资源和替代品稀缺的发展中国家尤其重要,因此,建立一个精心设计的设备控制和管理系统成为了很重要的一个部分。这可以通过使用计算机维修管理系统(CMMSs)作为基本信息资源来实现,为技术管理人员提供大量的支持性相关信息,并协助管理人员进行决策[1]。

此外,随着医疗设备越来越先进,并且开始在现代医疗中起着越来越重要的作用,维护和管理问题也越来越受到重视。CMMSs的开发对于管理者和工程师来说至关重要,不仅可以提供快速的管理解决方案,而且可以根据设备记录下的性能数据来预测未来的结果。在约旦,对维修请求进行工作订单优先排序最常用的方法是先到先服务(FCFS)方法的变体。虽然FCFS方法对许多应用程序来说可能是可以接受的,但应用于医疗保健部门时并不总是合适的,例如当一个重要的生命维持机器发生故障,而根据算法这个服务工作订单在到达队列前端之前会停止服务。解决这些缺点的其中一种方法是需要医院有一个专职的设备监督委员会,以优先处理所有的维护要求。不幸的是,这是一种时间和成本都很高的方法。另一种方法建议关注由设备故障对更大的患者群体造成的风险,而不是关注维护需求最高的设备[4]。一些作者建议根据系统的复杂性等级对系统进行分类,以此作为系统管理、优化和降低成本的指南[5],同时也提出了一个实时设备替换优先级的规则库[6]。虽然有各种商业电脑化维修管理系统,但是几乎没有客观公布的工作可以使用。该模型依赖于一个智能的工单优先排序系统。它使医疗服务提供者能够根据各种预先确定的因素,如设备功能、使用地点、请求发出以来的时间、可用性和距离最近的替代设备的距离,以及设备的总体利用率,为提交的维护请求构建一个实时优先设备服务清单。

工业维修管理信息技术系统已经使用多年。该研究针对工业设施和制造公司的设备分类系统、预防性维护(PM)调度模型和维修请求优先排序的工单系统[8-12],但这些系统中很少有满足医疗保健管理领域的特定需求。通常接受的维护策略包括年龄替换PM、[13]以及定期PM和顺序PM策略[14]。在周期PM策略中,受降级影响的设备在固定的预定义时间间隔中维护,与机器的故障率无关;而在顺序PM策略中,PM时间间隔随着时间的推移而变得越来越短(即随着设备的老化,需要更频繁的PM)。其他研究,如Badia等人,Berenguer等人,和Yang等人试图通过依赖设备状况的持续评估来优化PM周期,并试图预测性能退化的水平[15,16,17]。我们从Adzakpa等人的工作中提出了一个模型,该模型利用了PM周期的优化算法,并将其与固定周期PM方法相结合,以获得更高的精度和稳定性[18]。

将质量控制模块集成到CMMS中可以提供客观、定量和可靠的设备性能评估。这些方法包括那些基于质量功能展开(QFD)方法的方法[19]。这种方法允许根据实际需求对服务进行调整,其特点是对医疗机构的质量评估采用“半定量”和客观的方法。一般来说,通常,评估医疗设备可靠性的准确性随着性能统计数据库的增加而增加[20,21]。虽然这种模型代表了一种先进的质量控制测量工具,但它非常复杂,包括计算也相当复杂,因此这种需要较小数据集的更简单的模型将是有益的。

在工业部门中有许多处理PM优化、工作订单优先级排序和质量控制的模型,但是很少有工作关注这些模型在医疗保健部门的应用。因此,许多现有模型关注的是最小化服务成本,而不是设备停机和故障的人力成本。因此,这项工作旨在开发一个系统,解决这些问题,特别强调人力成本,福利和安全。

材料和方法

本研究提出了一种智能医疗设备管理系统EQUIMEDCOMP。该系统使用Microsoft Visual Basic (version 6)进行编程,如图1a和b所示为EQUIMEDCOMP的总体流程图,其中显示了系统的各个模块、工具、方程和数据库,以及它们之间的关系。

EQUIMEDCOMP可用于执行多种医疗设备管理相关任务。该系统设计为模块化格式,以允许单个模块(子系统)的独立开发。这些子系统包括医疗设备库存系统、工作单系统、PM调度系统和设备质量控制系统。

图1 a: EQUIMEDCOMP系统流程图,演示了设备库存子系统的功能。演示了各种命令(显示为图标)以及它们与数据库或表(显示为柱面)的连接。b: EQUIMEDCOMP系统流程图,演示了工作订单优先排序、PM调度和质量控制子系统

医疗设备库存分系统

实施设备管理系统(计算机化或非计算机化)的第一个也是最关键的步骤是建立一个由该程序跟踪的所有设备的广泛库存。没有一个有效的库存系统,就不可能准确地跟踪设备管理功能。

拟议的系统提供广泛的医疗设备库存,持续跟踪在每个医疗设备上执行的所有服务。每个设备都有一个设备控制号(ID);控制号在设备注册时由系统自动分配,用于系统内部的识别。除ID号外,系统还记录基本技术信息,如序列号、设备名称、类型、生产厂家、型号、使用地点、生产日期、获取日期及成本、安装日期、设备功能、生产厂家每年规定的预防性维护任务数量等。除ID号外,所有数据都是通过web门户网站在设备注册过程中获取的。这些良好的组织和对用户友好的环境旨在促进和加快数据输入的过程。

该系统还配备了一个完整的医院数据库,其中包括与提供服务的机构签订合同的医院的基本信息。这些信息可能包括医院名称、地址、城市、邮政编码、GPS坐标、电话号码、传真、网站、电子邮件、床位数量和床位占用率等信息。

第三个数据库包括公司服务员工的记录和他们的基本信息。该功能为雇主和雇员之间提供了一种沟通方式,允许生物医学设备技术人员之间更容易地分配工作,并保存雇员工作活动的记录。

该系统配备了搜索选项,可以用来找到系统库存中的任何设备。搜索过程可以根据以下一个或多个启动:设备ID、医院名称、设备类型和设备名称。

对维护请求进行优先排序的工作订单子系统

集成到我们系统中的一个重要特性是工作订购子系统,它为每个计划外的维护请求分配一个优先级编号。这个子系统记录对维护服务的传入请求,并跟踪工作订单,直到完成。任何请求的优先级数字代表一个计算后的数值,改数值表明该请求的相对重要性。它使系统能够根据其医疗必要性和患者安全,以此确定哪一个请求更重要。

在进入系统后,维护请求将受到一个特殊的测试算法的约束,该算法由六个因素组成,每个因素都将为该请求分配一个特定的数值。这些因素根据下列标准检验请求的重要性:(1)设备功能,(2)的位置使用,(3)上的负载包含故障设备的医院,(4)的另一种选择的存在这个设备在医院里,在天,(5)以来维护请求,(6)距离最近的医院包含相同类型的设备维护的要求。然后,每个请求的优先级数被计算为每个因素开发的6个不同数值的加权和,优先级数最高的设备首先被服务。根据当地医生和临床工程师的专家意见,通过对优先排序算法的递归迭代,确定分配给各个因素的数值权重,得到最优工作顺序;这些值可以在表1和表2中找到。

表 1 按功能和位置分配给设备的值

Equipment function (EF)

EF

Numeric value

Therapeutic - Life-support

10

Therapeutic - Surgical or Intensive Care

Therapeutic - Physical Therapy or Treatment

Diagnostic - Surgical or Intensive Care Monitoring

Diagnostic - Other physiological monitoring

9

8

7

6

Analytical – Laboratory

5

Analytical - Computer and related

3

Miscellaneous - Patient-related

2

Miscellaneous - Non-patient related

1

Location of equipment use (L)

L

Numeric value

Anesthetizing Locations

5

Critical Care Areas, Operational Rooms

4

Wet Locations/Labs/Exam Areas

3

General Patient Care Areas

2

Non-Patient Care Areas

1

Table 2 根据医院负荷、请求时间以及到该设备的最近备选设备的距离给

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J Med Syst (2012) 36:557–567 DOI 10.1007/s10916-010-9501-4

ORIGINAL PAPER

An Intelligent Healthcare Management System: A New Approach in Work-order Prioritization for Medical Equipment Maintenance Requests

Naser Hamdi amp; Rami Oweis amp; Hamzeh Abu Zraiq amp; Denis Abu Sammour

Received: 16 February 2010 /Accepted: 20 April 2010 /Published online: 4 May 2010 # Springer Science Business Media, LLC 2010

Abstract The effective maintenance management of medical technology influences the quality of care delivered and the profitability of healthcare facilities. Medical equipment maintenance in Jordan lacks an objective prioritization system; consequently, the system is not sensitive to the impact of equipment downtime on patient morbidity and mortality. The current work presents a novel software system (EQUI- MEDCOMP) that is designed to achieve valuable improvements in the maintenance management of medical technology. This work-order prioritization model sorts medical maintenance requests by calculating a priority index for each request. Model performance was assessed by utilizing maintenance requests from several Jordanian hospitals. The system proved highly efficient in minimizing equipment downtime based on healthcare delivery capacity, and, consequently, patient outcome. Additionally, a preventive maintenance optimization module and an equipment quality control system are incorporated. The system is, therefore, expected to improve the reliability of medical equipment and significantly improve safety and cost-efficiency.

Keywords Biomedical technology management . Work-order prioritization . Preventive maintenance . Quality control

Introduction

Safe, effective, and economic use of medical devices within a hospital requires tracking each individual device. The

N. Hamdi (*) : R. Oweis : H. Abu Zraiq : D. Abu Sammour Biomedical Engineering Department,

Jordan University of Science and Technology,

Irbid, Jordan

e-mail: nhamdi@just.edu.jo

number of medical devices requiring tracking and management in a hospital may range from 1,000 devices for smaller community hospitals to over 10,000 for large, academic, medical centers [1]. Wang et al. have indicated that the most common cause of medical equipment downtime is poor maintenance, planning, and management. Consequently, they have extensively discussed and reviewed medical equipment inclusion criteria, as well as the application of statistical techniques, in medical equipment management plans [2, 3]. Medical equipment management is of particular importance in developing countries, where resources and alternatives are scarce, as such, the creation of a carefully-designed equipment control and management system can be of vital importance. This can be achieved by employing computerized maintenance management systems (CMMSs) as a fundamental information resource, providing the technology management staff with a wealth of support-related information as well as assisting management in decision making [1].

Additionally, as medical equipment becomes increasingly more sophisticated and plays a more crucial role in modern healthcare, maintenance and management issues demand ever-increasing attention. Development of CMMSs is essential for managers and engineers, not only to provide quick management solutions, but also to predict future outcomes based on historical equipment performance data. The most commonly employed methods of work-order prioritization for repair requests in Jordan are variants of the first-come, first-served (FCFS) method. While the FCFS approach might be acceptable for many applications, it is not always appropriate when applied to the healthcare sector, as is the case when a vital, life-support machine undergoes failure and, consequently, is out of service until the service work-order reaches the head of the queue. One approach to address these shortcomings requires that

J Med Syst (2012) 36:557–567

558

hospitals maintain a full-time equipment oversight committee to prioritize all maintenance requests. Unfortunately this is a time- and cost-intensive approach. Another approach suggests focusing on the risk posed by equipment failure on larger groups of patients, rather than focusing on the equipment with the highest maintenance demand [4]. Some authors have suggested categorizing systems according to their level of complexity as a guide for system management, optimization, and cost reduction, [5] as well as proposing a rule base for real-time equipment replacement prioritization [6]. While various commercial computerized maintenance management systems are available, [7] there is little objective published work available. The model presented herein relies on an intelligent work-order prioritization system. It enables the medical service provider to construct a real-time prioritized equipment service list for submitted maintenance requests based on various predefined factors such as equipment function, location of use, time since request was issued, availability and distance to nearest substitute, and the overall rate of equipment utilization.

Industrial maintenance management information technology systems have been in use for many years. The research has addressed equipment classification systems, preventive maintenance (PM) scheduling models, and work-order systems for prioritizing repair requests for industrial facilities and manufacturing companies, [8–12] but very few of these systems have addressed the specific needs of the healthcare management field. Commonly accepted maintenance policies include age-replacement PM, [13] as well as the periodic PM and sequential PM policies [14]. In the periodic PM policy, devices subject to degradation are maintained in fixed predefined time i

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