个人价值观结构分析：生活价值观与职业价值观外文翻译资料

APPLlED PSYCHOLOGY: AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW, 1999,48 (l), 73-77

Facets of Personal Values: A Structural Analysis of

Life and Work Values

Dov Elizur and Abraham Sagie

Bar-Ilan University, Israel

General life values and work values have traditionally been investigated independently. The objective of the present study was to suggest a multifaceted definition of personal values incorporating both life and work values, and to test it empirically. Data obtained from a sample of 165 Israeli managers and workers supported the structural hypotheses of the study. An empirical three -dimensional conical structure was revealed by means of Smallest Space Analysis. Life and work values were found to occupy two distinct regions, and both could be partitioned further according to the modality (material, affective, and cognitive) and focus (focused and diffuse) facets of personal values. Health, happiness, and love were the most important life values for the present sample, while job interest, responsibility, and fair supervisor had the highest rank order in the work values hierarchy. The results are discussed in the context of the spillover or compensation hypotheses regarding the issue of work and nonwork relationships.

Introduction

One approach to the study of personal values involves an examination of the structureIn recent years, scholars have become increasingly interested in the study of personal values. According to the study of Levy Bassilu (1990) and Guttman (1982), it is the basis for assessing whether personal values are met or not, and whether they achieve their own goals and their satisfaction with their goals. In this study, we focus on defining criteria for assessing individual well-being.

One way to study personal values is to study its constituent structures. According to this research idea, the researchers try to find out the basic components of personal values, so as to put forward a definition of personal values framework. This is important because the personal values include some different, fragmented constituent elements. Such as pay, health, love, enjoyment and achievement. What do these elements have in common? Rarely, except that they are all important to measure whether or not to achieve personal values. In the case of structural analysis, researchers and practitioners are able to combine these seemingly unrelated elements in some way.

As for the study of professional values, the traditional method often overlooks the study of the work value structure. This paper argues that the composition of occupational values is divided into two aspects: work and non - work. So in the study of the time need to consider these two factors on the formation of the impact of professional values. Similarly, there are personal values, personal values may be affected by a variety of factors. Some important professional values, such as personal work focus on chasing money interests, may have an impact on personal values. Likewise, professional values are influenced by family or family life. Through the above examples, it can be seen that the analysis of the structural framework of personal values, including the wider (more general) areas of life and the narrower (more specific) professional fields, has an important influence on the formation of individual values. At this stage, the various principles of personal life values classification have been put forward. However, the classification of personal value factors, has proved to apply only to a particular area, but not representative. Therefore, this study attempts to build and test the definition of individual values and personal values in the definition of personal values.

Defining life and work values

In order to analyse the personal values domain, we attempted to identify its essential facets. A facet is a criterion or a rule for classifying items associated with a given concept (Shye amp; Elizur, 1994). More than one facet can be used simultaneously; each additional facet defines a new classification and further differentiates among items. Based on the literature on personal values, three facets were distinguished: value modality, focus, and life area. The rationale for selecting these facets is outlined in the following.

Facet A: Value Modality

Values have material characteristics, and life has a direct, specific or practical contact. Such as health, physical and economic security, wages and working conditions. This type of value factor is prevalent in previous literature and is often seen as a research material or research tool. Among them, health, physical safety and other factors are closely related to personal feelings, and wages and working conditions with the objective conditions of life are directly linked. From a different perspective analysis is conducive to the study of personal values, so multi-angle research is conducive to us to get the desired results.

Facet B: Focus

The meaning of some values is concentrated, that is, it is clear that they are what kind of behavior or situation. These values can be a view of money, friends and recognition of job performance. The meaning of some other values is more fragmented, for example, what is meaningful life or work, how to measure the contribution to society, and what degree is respect for a person. Therefore, how to accurately define a certain value is worth studying and exploring.

Facet C: Life Area

The third aspect distinguishes individual values from two aspects: the more specific work and the more inclusive life, the work refers to the work where the life here mainly refers to the family life. Because, with a satisfactory job can improve personal happiness of life, while a happy family on the formation of good pers

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个人价值观结构分析：生活价值观与职业价值观

节选自73页-77页

Dov Elizur Abraham Sagie

以色列Bar-Ilan大学

个人价值观的结构分析

一般来说，生活价值观和职业价值观这两个概念长期以来一直被分开独立研究。尽管本研究的主要目的是对职业价值观提出一个多方面的定义，但是越来越多的研究表明，职业价值观与生活价值观密不可分。本文认为，个人价值观包括生活和职业价值观两方面。学者Dov Elizur 和Abraham Sagie从165名以色列管理人员和工人的样本中获得数据支持，从而进行个人价值观结构假设的研究。根据研究的结果验证和谈论上下文中“溢出”和“补偿”假设的正确性。

研究情况简介

近年来，学者们对个人价值观的研究越来越感兴趣。根据莱维.巴斯比鲁（1990）和Guttman（1982）的研究，评价个人价值是否得到满足的根据，是个人心中对其目标实现程度和行为满意度是否到达自身标准的看法。在本文的研究中，我们专注于定义评价个人幸福感的标准。

对个人价值观研究的一种方法是研究它的组成结构。根据这个研究思路，研究者试图找出个人价值观的基本组成部分，从而提出一个关于个人价值观的定义框架。这是很重要的，因为个人价值观包括一些不同的、零散的组成元素。如薪酬、健康状况、爱、享受和成就。这些元素有什么共同之处？很少，除了他们都是衡量是否实现个人价值的重要标准。以结构分析的角度来看，研究人员和从业者能够将这一些看似不相关的元素用某种方式结合起来进行研究。

至于对职业价值观的研究，传统的方法往往忽略了对工作价值结构的研究。本文认为，职业价值观的组成因素分工作和非工作两个方面。因此在研究的时候需要考虑这两方面因素对职业价值观形成的影响。与此相似的还有个人价值观，个人价值观可能受到多种因素的影响。一些重要的职业价值观，比如个人工作注重追逐金钱利益，就可能会对个人价值观产生影响。同样，职业价值观也会受诸如家庭或家庭生活的影响。通过以上例子可知，分析个人价值观的结构框架，包括更广泛（更一般）的生活领域和更窄的（更具体的）职业领域结合在一起，对个人价值观的形成具有重要的影响意义。现阶段，个人生活价值观因素分类的各种原则已被提出。然而，分类后的个人价值因素，已经证明仅适用于某一个领域，而不具有代表性。因此，本研究试图构建和测试一般个人生活价值观与职业价值观集于一体的个人价值观的定义框架。

个人生活价值观和个人职业价值观的定义

为了分析个人价值观，我们试图找出其本质的方面。基于已有的关于个人价值观的文献，我们从三个方面进行了定义：价值形态，焦点和生活领域。选择这些方面分析的理由概述如下。

一、价值形态

价值观具有物质性的特点，与生活有着直接的、具体的或实际的联系。例如，健康，身体和经济安全，工资和工作条件。这一类的价值观因素在以往的文献中是普遍存在的，往往被视为研究材料或研究工具。其中，健康，身体安全等因素与个人感受息息相关，而工资和工作条件则与客观生活条件的状况有直接联系。从不同的角度分析有利于对个人价值观的研究，因此多角度的研究有利于我们得出想要的结果。

二、焦点

一些价值观的含义是集中的，即它很清楚的解释他们是怎样的行为或情况。这些价值观可以是对金钱、朋友的看法和对工作表现的认可程度。其他一些价值观的含义则更加分散，例如，什么是有意义的生活或工作，如何衡量对社会的贡献，以及何种程度是对一个人的尊重。因此，如何准确的定义某种价值观是很值得研究和探索的。

三、生活领域

第三个方面从两个方面区分个人价值观：即更具体的工作和更包容的生活，工作指的是工作方面这里的生活主要是指家庭生活。因为，拥有满意的工作能提高个人的生活幸福感，同时一个美满的家庭对良好的个人价值观的形成也是极为重要的。基于以上的三方面，我们将个人生活观定义为个人对生活中各类事物的看法与感受，最终形成的具有稳定性的观念想法。至于个人职业价值观，则被定义个人对工作结果的重要程度的认可度，同时个人追求的工作特质或属性也从属于职业价值观。这表明，职业价值观作为一种意识形态，在形成后会受到生活价值观的影响，并以某种特殊的方式影响个人生活价值观。

研究方法

研究对象

此次研究的受访者是165名以色列员工，来自不同的组织，约一半的样本（82）为女性：平均年龄为35岁。所有的受访者的学历都是高中毕业生以上，其中70%的人受过高等教育，约65%的受访者在工作中担任管理角色。

问卷设计

根据前面给出的条件，本次研究设计了包含21项问题的调查问卷（如下所示）。给被调查者的指示是：“请为下列项目指明什么程度对于你的幸福是重要的。选择下列答案之一：（1）非常不重要：（2）不重要：（3）一般：（4）有点重要；（5）重要。问卷的结果如表1显示。

TABLE 1