巴厘岛旅游目的地和旅游景区

一般厕所卫生的旅游感知

Sunarsa IW, Andiani ND

Univesitas Pendidikan Ganesha

摘要：本研究旨在确定游客对巴厘岛旅游目的地和旅游景区公共厕所清洁的感知。这项研究的范围是巴厘岛所有地区和城市中，对有游客有旅游吸引力的地方的公共厕所。用于调查厕所为20个公厕，每座厕所有10名调查对象，人数约为200人。使用的数据收集方法是访谈、观察和问卷调查。使用的数据分析技术是定性描述和利益分析和绩效水平。结果表明，游客对巴厘岛旅游对象和景区公共厕所清洁度的感知为2.18，这意味着厕所不那么干净。游客评论显示，厕所很臭，很脏，没有纸巾，也没有肥皂。巴厘岛旅游景区的清洁和公共厕所设施的经验与游客期望之间的适宜性水平为47%。这表明，只有47%的游客期望能够得到满足。而剩下53%的游客期望无法兑现。

关键词：感知；游客；公共厕所；

1.引言

厕所是人类的基本需要。每天，人类都无法摆脱厕所的依赖。无论是排尿，使用大量的水，还是因为清理呕吐和打喷嚏而产生的其他废物。在“厕所革命”（2007）中提到一般人的一生中会使用厕所2500次，等于花费三年的时间在上厕所上。这个星球上有26亿人没有良好的厕所条件。因为没有厕所设施或是条件太糟的厕所设施，世界上每年有200万人死于腹泻和其他传染病。这种状况通常发生在没有良好条件厕所的地方。在发展中国家，水龙头等厕所设施不能正常使用、没有水、没有肥皂和便利设施以及足够的烘干机的厕所的情况并不罕见。这导致疾病很容易从一个厕所使用者传播到另一个厕所使用者。从上述情况来看，许多国家已经对厕所进行了革命性的改造，以改善公共卫生状况和那些因为度假、看比赛、接受教育或其他目的到来的外国人心中的本国国家形象。马来西亚在2006年进行了一次厕所革命，以打击全国各地肮脏和肮脏的厕所状况。新加坡的“快乐厕所”计划于2003年7月1日启动。厕所革命也发生在韩国，由绰号为“厕所先生”的Sim Jae-duck开创。Sim还发起了一种“厕所文化”的非常重要的文化，在韩国各地传播。在日本，厕所革命是从90年代开始的。在这个国家，厕所也可以是一个旅游景区。如果在巴厘岛有金塔马尼之旅，那么在日本就有一个厕所之旅。

印尼没有专门的厕所革命计划。但文化和旅游部目前并将继续举办清洁公共厕所竞赛(LTUB)，其目标对象是机场，然后是博物馆、动物园，前往旅游景区、航站楼和车站的地方。公众或游客对印度尼西亚和巴厘岛公共厕所的看法仍然令人关切。根据Atmojo（2010），印度尼西亚62%的公共厕所仍然是肮脏的，潮湿、肮脏和潮湿的地板非常适合滋生细菌和微生物，这些细菌和微生物对人类生活有害。根据印度尼西亚厕所协会创始人Adiwoso（2011）的说法，印度尼西亚公共厕所的清洁程度在亚洲18个国家中排名第12位。在巴厘岛，自从州长曼库·帕斯蒂卡领导以来，就有一个“巴厘岛清洁绿色”的项目。考虑到巴厘岛是一个热门的旅游目的地，清洁厕所就成为了需要强制去执行的事情。为了支持巴厘清洁绿色的项目，人们需要对目前的公共厕所管理进行研究。基于上述问题背景的描述，主要问题是游客如何感知巴厘岛旅游目的地和景区上公共厕所设施的清洁和完整性？预计这项研究的结果将被用作决策巴厘岛公共厕所管理的投入，特别是在巴厘岛的旅游目的地和旅游景区。

2.方法

这个研究地点是巴厘岛的一个旅游景区。选择这个地点的基本考虑是（1）巴厘岛被宣称为是一个清洁和绿色的省；（2）旅游景区是建立巴厘岛人民清洁文化形象的门面；（3）在这一地区从未进行过类似的研究。这项研究的范围是巴厘岛所有地区和城市中，对有游客有旅游吸引力的地方的公共厕所。用于调查厕所为20个公厕，每座厕所有10名调查对象，人数约为200人。使用的数据收集方法是访谈、观察和问卷调查。本研究为描述性研究。根据惠特尼在纳齐尔（2005）的表述，描述性研究是事实发现与正确与否的解释，同时将通过兴趣和绩效分析来分析游客对卫生和公厕设施质量的满意度。这一分析用于比较重要性水平与绩效(Supranto，2001)。在这项研究中，技术分析被用来衡量游客期望与对巴厘岛旅游景区清洁质量和公共厕所设施质量的看法之间的适宜性水平。本分析的步骤如下（1）确定期望和感知变量的平均得分；（2）确定期望和感知的平均得分；（3）计算适宜性水平。

3.结果与讨论

3.1公共厕所设计

厕所来自法语“厕所”，意思是“更衣室”，从'toile'这个词演变而来，意思是“衣服”。公厕的另一个名字是“洗手间”。 在词汇上，洗手间是指休息室，但这并不意味着人们会在有厕所的房间里休息。使用的术语只是委婉语或使用间接语言，以便在口头和书面交流中更容易被接受。以前也用过一些粗俗的词语，比如“街头的小便池”，或者“小便的地方”、“小屋”或“土屋”。其他已使用的公共厕所是洗手间、盥洗室、女厕所、男厕所、女厕所、厕所、冲水厕所、罐头房、橱柜室、舒适站、舒适室、必要的房间、必要的设施、外屋、厕所和宝座(Strightdope，2010年)。卫生间设计与用户社区文化相适应。此外，还考虑了人口因素，如性别、年龄、身体状况，包括视力障碍、使用轮椅等。良好公厕的设计需符合以下要求（1）清洁干燥；（2）通风充足；（3）易于清洁；（4）符合交通的规划；（5）关注残疾人的需求(Darmawijaya等人，2012年)。公厕设计的重点是通风系统。不正确的通风系统会导致无味的空气被快速挥散。而一个良好的通风系统将能够提取有气味空气，避免房间潮湿，使霉菌不易生长。Looscaping来自loo这个词，意思是厕所。美化是公共厕所中的一种气氛或景色。公共厕所可以进行某种方式的美化，比如（1）公共厕所内有室内植物，给人以绿色和清新的印象；（2）安装美化的绘画或照片；（3）在角落或小便池附近放置雕像或其他装饰品，使公共厕所的外观变得美丽(Darmawijaya等人，2012年)。根据观察结果，研究对象厕所外观与预期造景不符。如有对象要做公厕，可参照公厕标准考核。公厕可采用厕所考核方式进行考核。据黄等人（2011）说，公共厕所的评估标准包括硬部条件、维护系统和舒适水平、特殊设施和易用性。厕所条件可使用以下属性和变量进行评估（1）入口；（2）洗手区；（3）抽水马桶；（4）小便池；和（5）固定装置。公共区域的评估可以按照以下标准进行（1）地面干净干燥，无垃圾、污渍和污垢；（2）墙壁和墙砖没有污垢、污渍、霉菌、划痕和破损的油漆，没有破损或破损的瓷砖；（3）天花板上没有污垢、污渍、霉菌和剥落的油漆；（4）最低照明为300勒克斯，灯没有污垢，有足够的数量；（5）开关/电源点无污垢和污渍；（6）卫生管道和配件功能良好，完整，没有损坏(Darmawijaya等人，2012年)。

3.2游客对公共厕所的感知

本研究的重点是巴厘省八个地区和一个城市旅游景区的卫生和公共厕所设施的质量。这些城市和地区是登巴萨市、巴东摄政、詹亚尔摄政、克朗贡摄政、卡兰加西姆摄政、邦利摄政、布勒伦摄政、塔巴南摄政和金布拉纳摄政。用作研究对象的旅游景区有：巴厘岛博物馆、艺术中心、Taman Ayun、Uluwatu、Nusa Dua半岛海滩、猴子森林、Goa Gajah、Kertagosa、Goa Lawah、Taman Ujung、Besakih、Pura Batur、Desa Pengliopuran、Lovina、温泉Banjar、Tanah、Alas Kedaton、Bedugul植物园、Taman Kota Negara和Rambut Siwi寺。每个城市和地区的旅游景区的选择是基于游客要参观的地区的知名度情况，每个城市和地区的旅游景区平均每天有150人参观。

调查对象为200人，其中30%为外国游客，另外70%为国内游客。性别构成为男性100人，女性100人。其中10%的人不到21岁。年龄在21-30岁、31-40岁、41-50岁和50岁以上的人，这一比例为30%、35%、15%和10%。这些受访者的特点对本研究的结果有影响。

4.结论和建议

根据上一章的讨论，可以得出结论（1）游客对巴厘岛旅游对象和景区公共厕所清洁程度的感知是2.18，这意味着厕所不那么干净。游客评论显示，厕所很臭，很脏，没有纸巾，也没有肥皂。（2）巴厘岛旅游景区的清洁和公共厕所设施的经验与游客期望之间的适合程度为47%。这表明，只有47%的游客期望能够得到满足，而剩下的53%无法兑现。

因此给到的建议是（1）在巴厘制定一个清洁厕所运动方案，涉及政府、私营部门、旅游专业协会、旅游商业协会、学校、学术界和社区。（2）通过对使用者的教育方案和对清洁工、管理人员和社区的培训，改善公共厕所设施的清洁和可用性。（3）改善厕所的设计，使其易于使用和环境友好。（4）通过所有利益攸关方参与的培训，提高管理人员的能力，改善公共厕所的管理制度。

外文文献出处：Sunarsa IW, Andiani ND. Tourism Perception of General Toilet Hygiene in Objects and Tourist Attractions in Bali[J]. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 2019, 3(1):36.

International Journal of Social Science and Business. Volume 3, Number 1, Tahun 2019, pp. 28-35

P-ISSN : 2614-6533 E-ISSN : 2549-6409

Open Access: https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/IJSSB/index

Tourism Perception Of General Toilet Hygiene In Objects And Tourist Attractions In Bali

LOGO Jurnal

I Wayan Sunarsa1 *, Nyoma Dini Andiani 2

1,2 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Nusa Dua Bali, Univesitas Pendidikan Ganesha

A R T I C L E I N F O

Article history:

Received 19 December

2018

Received in revised form 30 December 2018

Accepted 01 January 2019

Available online 15

February 2019

Keywords:

Perception, Travelers, public toilets

A B S T R A C T

This study aims to determine the perception of tourists on the cleanliness of public toilets in Tourist Objects and Attractions in Bali. The population of this study is all public toilets that are spread on the attractiveness of tourism in all districts and cities in Bali. The toilet samples used were 20 public toilets and a sample of 10 respondents from each toilet or equal to 200 people. Data collection methods used are interviews, observations, and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used are qualitative descriptive and analysis of interest and performance levels. The results showed that tourists perception of the cleanliness of public toilets on tourist objects and attractions in Bali was 2.18, which meant that the toilets were less clean. Tourist comments show smelly, dirty toilets, no tissue and no soap. The level of suitability between experience and tourist expectations of cleanliness and public toilet facilities at tourist attractions in Bali is 47%. This shows that only 47% of tourist expectations can be met. While the remaining 53% canno

剩余内容已隐藏，支付完成后下载完整资料

International Journal of Social Science and Business. Volume 3, Number 1, Tahun 2019, pp. 28-35

P-ISSN : 2614-6533 E-ISSN : 2549-6409

Open Access: https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/IJSSB/index

Tourism Perception Of General Toilet Hygiene In Objects And Tourist Attractions In Bali

LOGO Jurnal

I Wayan Sunarsa1 *, Nyoma Dini Andiani 2

1,2 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Nusa Dua Bali, Univesitas Pendidikan Ganesha

A R T I C L E I N F O

Article history:

Received 19 December

2018

Received in revised form 30 December 2018

Accepted 01 January 2019

Available online 15

February 2019

Keywords:

Perception, Travelers, public toilets

A B S T R A C T

This study aims to determine the perception of tourists on the cleanliness of public toilets in Tourist Objects and Attractions in Bali. The population of this study is all public toilets that are spread on the attractiveness of tourism in all districts and cities in Bali. The toilet samples used were 20 public toilets and a sample of 10 respondents from each toilet or equal to 200 people. Data collection methods used are interviews, observations, and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used are qualitative descriptive and analysis of interest and performance levels. The results showed that tourists perception of the cleanliness of public toilets on tourist objects and attractions in Bali was 2.18, which meant that the toilets were less clean. Tourist comments show smelly, dirty toilets, no tissue and no soap. The level of suitability between experience and tourist expectations of cleanliness and public toilet facilities at tourist attractions in Bali is 47%. This shows that only 47% of tourist expectations can be met. While the remaining 53% cannot be fulfilled.

Copyright copy; Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. All rights reserved.

* Corresponding author.

E-mail addresses: wayan.sunarsa@yahoo.co.id (I WayanSunarsa)

Introduction

Toilets are a basic human need. Every day, humans cannot escape from the dependence of toilets, either for urinating, large water or other waste due to vomiting and sneezing. In Toilet Revolution (2007), it is stated that the average human being uses a toilet 2,500 times or equals three years of his life spent in the toilet. There are 2.6 billion people on this planet who dont have good toilet access (Toilet Revolution, 2007). There are two million people die each year in the world because of diarrhea and other infectious diseases because there are no or bad toilet facilities. This condition is caused by people who do not have good toilet access; do not have toilets and / or toilets with poor conditions. In developing countries it is not uncommon to find toilets with faucet / WC facilities that are not functioning, there is no water, no soap and amenities and an adequate dryer. This causes the easy spread of disease from one toilet user to another user.

Looking at the above conditions, many countries have revolutionized toilets to improve public health status and state image in the eyes of other citizens who visit both on vacation, watching matches, attending education or other purposes. Malaysia conducted a toilet revolution in 2006 to combat the dirty and dirty toilet conditions throughout the country (Toilet revolution, 2006). Singapore has the Happy Toilet program which was launched on 1 July 2003 (Happy Toilet, 2003). Toilet revolution also occurred in South Korea, which was pioneered by Sim Jae-duck, nicknamed Mr. Toilet (Toilet Revolution, 2002). Sim also initiated a 'toilet culture' or a culture that is very important to be disseminated throughout parts of South Korea. In Japan the toilet revolution has been carried out since the 90s. Even in this country the toilet is used as a tourist attraction. If in Bali there is Kintamani Tour, Besakih Tour in Japan there is a Toilet Tour.

Indonesia does not have a special toilet revolution program. But the Ministry of Culture and Tourism is currently and will continue to hold the Clean Public Toilet Competition (LTUB) which targets the airport and then the museum, zoo and will proceed to the location of tourist attractions, terminals and stations. Public or tourist perceptions of public toilets in Indonesia and or Bali in general are still concerning. According to Atmojo (2010) 62% of public toilets in Indonesia are still dirty with wet, dirty and humid floors that are very suitable for breeding bacteria and microorganisms that are detrimental to human life. According to Adiwoso (2011), founder of the Indonesian Toilet Association, the cleanliness of public toilets in Indonesia was ranked 12th worst of 18 countries in Asia.

In Bali, since the leadership of Governor MangkuPastika, there is a program 'Bali Clean and Green'. Considering Bali as a destination, clean toilets become mandatory facilities for tourists. To be able to support the Bali Clean and Green Province program, studies are needed regarding current public toilet management. Based on the description on the background of the above problems, the main problem is how do tourists perceive the cleanliness and completeness of public toilet facilities on tourist objects and attractions in Bali? The results of this study are then expected to be used as input in making decisions in the management of public toilets in Bali, especially in tourist objects and attractions in Bali.

Method

This research location is a tourist attraction in Bali. The basic considerations for choosing this location are (1) Bali is proclaimed as a clean and green province, (2) tourist attraction is the front door in building a clean cultural image of the Balinese people, and (3) similar research has never been conducted in this area.

The population of this study is all public toilets

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