An Empirical Study of State-owned Capital Security Management
From the Perspective of Internal Control
Abstract:The development of state-owned economy reflects Chinas socialist public ownership, and plays an important role in ensuring the safety of state-owned capital, which is conducive to realizing the countrys fundamental interests. Through the analysis of the relationship between internal control and the security of the state capital, the effectiveness of internal control is beneficial to the increase in EVA and thus help to enhance the security of state-owned capital and the realization of national interests of investors. The research, based on the data of a state-owned enterprise, has conducted an empirical analysis with EVA as a variable, and concluded that with the current EVA as a performance evaluation system of the state-owned enterprises, the internal controls of state-owned enterprises should be strengthened so as to ensure the security of state-owned capital.
Keywords:internal control; state-owned capital; security management; EVA
- INTRODUCTION
Under the traditional planned economy, the state- owned economy dominates, while the states economic vitality is insufficient and the state-owned enterprises inefficient. With the establishment of the modern enterprise system and the deepening of the state-owned enterprise reform, the national economic components are becoming diversified. Multi-joint economic entities work together to promote the national economic development and capital markets are constantly improving. The national economy has achieved a continuous growth of 9% over the years, and attracted worldwide attention. However, after the entery into WTO, the restructuring, merging, cross-border investment, financing and capital operation activities of the state-owned enterprises have occurred from now and then, which have promoted the development of state-owned economy; meanwhile, the state-owned economic securityhas been challenged. Cases like silver Guangsha, Delong series frequently break out. Especcially in the 2008 financial crisis, as a result of the growing loss of state assets and the continuous erosion of the rights and interests of the state-owned capital, the relevant state departments have introduced the following laws and regulations to strengthen risk management and safeguard the interests of state-owned capital,“Enterprise-wide Risk Management”, “State-Owned Assets Law,” “the Basic Norms of the Enterprise Internal Control”.
The security of the state-owned economy has aroused the attention of the public. The security issues of the state- owned capital have become a hot issue of increasing concern. Du Yueping (1999a) reveals the relationship between states economic security and national economic security; Du Yueping (1999b) analyzed the determinants of state economic security; Liu Zhaoyunrsquo;s (2004) studied the influence of the foreign mergers on the economic security; Wang Liqun (2006) considered the safety of state-owned capital withdrawal is necessary to strengthen internal controls.The development process of internal control is the process of improving the internal management of enterprises. In the modern corporate system, it is also the development process of safety management. From the perspective of state-owned enterprises, to strengthen internal control of the security management of state-owned capital is not only of great practical significance, but also help promote the healthy development of Chinas capital market and promote the improvement of corporate governance.In view of this, this article, from the perspective of internal control, analyzes empirically the safety management of state-owned capital.
- INTERNAL CONTROL AND THE SAFETY MANAGE- MENT OF STATE-OWNED CAPITAL
Internal control,as a key link and important measure in operating and management, plays an very important role in the development process of business. To public companies,internal control has direct relationship with the quality of the listed companies and the interests of many investors. In the meanwhile, internal control can improve the development of capital market.
Recently “the Basic Norms of the Enterprise Internal Control” released in China aims to realized five goals:(1)legal compliance;(2)asset security;(3)facticity andintegrity;(4)efficiency and.effectiveness;(5)strategic.po- ssibility.To.state..wholly.owned.and.state.holdercompanies, internal control is a effective firewall of state owned capital.It is also a powerful weapon to prevent the loss of state assets,to ensure the operational efficiency of state- owned capital,to achieve national strategic objectives. The safety of state-owned capital are closely interrelated to internal control in nationalized business.Internal control is a safeguard, The safety of state-owned capital is the goal of internal control. State-owned capital will lost without internal control.Internal control must be the internal control to ensure the security of the state-owned capital. To strengthen internal controls of the state-owned enterprises is of great importance.
- AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON THE INTERNAL CONTROL
Above mentioned, the safety of state-owned capital has closely related to the internal control in state-owned enterprises.The effectiveness of the internal control has direct relationship with the safety of state-owned capital. This article is based on the following train of thought: Effective internal controls led to enhance the performance of state-owned enterprises,So as to promote the safety and to increase the benefits of state-owned capital. Therefore, we assume that state-owned enterprises owning effective internal controls will have high running quality of state- owned capital. Accordingly, the state-owned capital gains are also hi
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国有资本安全管理的实证研究
从内部控制的角度
摘要:国有经济的发展体现了我国社会主义公有制,对保障国有资本安全发挥着重要作用,有利于实现国家的根本利益。通过分析内部控制与国有资本安全的关系,内部控制的有效性有利于EVA的增加,从而有助于增强国有资本的安全,实现投资者的国家利益。研究,基于国有企业的数据,与EVA作为一个变量进行了实证分析,并得出结论,与当前EVA作为一个国有企业的绩效评价体系,应加强国有企业的内部控制,以确保国有资产的安全。
关键词:内部控制;国有资本;安全管理;EVA
一、引言
在传统的计划经济体制下,国有经济占主导地位,国家经济活力不足,国有企业效率低下。随着现代企业制度的建立和国有企业改革的不断深化,国民经济的组成部分日趋多样化。多联经济实体共同推动国民经济发展,资本市场不断完善。近年来,中国国民经济持续增长9%,举世瞩目。然而,加入WTO后,国有企业的改制、兼并、跨境投融资和资本运营活动时有发生,促进了国有经济的发展;与此同时,国有经济安全受到了挑战。银光砂、德隆系列等案件频频爆发。Especcially在2008年金融危机,由于日益增长的国有资产和权益的不断流失的国有资本,国家有关部门已经引入了以下法律法规,加强风险管理,维护国有资产的利益,“企业级风险管理”,“国有资产法律,”“企业内部控制基本规范”。
国有经济的安全已经引起了公众的关注。国有资本安全问题日益成为人们关注的热点问题。杜月平(1999a)揭示了国家经济安全与国家经济安全的关系;杜跃平(1999)分析了国家经济安全的决定因素;刘兆云(2004)研究了外资并购对经济安全的影响;王立群(2006)认为国有资本退出的安全性是加强内部控制的必要条件。内部控制的发展过程是企业内部管理不断完善的过程。在现代企业制度中,它也是安全管理的发展过程。从国有企业的角度来看,加强国有资本安全管理的内部控制不仅具有重要的现实意义,而且有助于促进我国资本市场的健康发展,促进公司治理的完善。鉴于此,本文从内部控制的角度,对国有资本安全管理进行了实证分析。
二、国有资本的内部控制与安全管理
内部控制作为企业经营管理中的一个关键环节和重要措施,在企业的发展过程中发挥着十分重要的作用。对于上市公司来说,内部控制直接关系到上市公司的质量和众多投资者的利益。同时,内部控制可以促进资本市场的发展。
最近在中国发布的《企业内部控制基本规范》旨在实现五个目标:(1)法律合规;(2)资产安全;(3)真实性和完整性;(4)效率和有效性;(5)战略性。
控股公司内部控制是国有资本的有效防火墙。它也是防止国有资产流失、确保国有资本运行效率、实现国家战略目标的有力武器。国有资本的安全与国有企业的内部控制密切相关。内部控制是一种保障,国有资本的安全是内部控制的目标。没有内部控制,国有资本将会流失。内部控制必须是确保国有资本安全的内部控制。加强国有企业内部控制具有十分重要的意义。
三、基于内部控制的实证分析
综上所述,国有资本的安全与国有企业的内部控制密切相关。内部控制的有效性直接关系到国有资本的安全。本文的研究思路是:有效的内部控制能够提高国有企业的绩效,从而促进国有资本的安全性,提高国有资本的效益。因此,我们认为,国有企业拥有有效的内部控制,国有资本的运行质量就会较高。因此,国有资本收益也很高。EVA是衡量当前企业绩效指标的有效手段。即EVA高的企业,就是内部控制有效的企业。因此,国有资本是安全的,因为国有企业保留并增加了国有资本的价值。因此,“基于内部控制的国有资本安全性实证研究”可以发展为“EVA与国有资本收益高低的实证关系研究”。
A.示例选择和数据源
本研究的样本和数据来自于20家大型国有企业(国有资本ge;1亿),这些企业在中国某省履行投资者的责任。数据来源于《2008年国有控股企业和国有控股企业年度财务报告汇编》及中国某省相关企业管理数据。
尽管国有企业的成败受到很多因素的影响,内部因素和外部因素,我认为外部因素,积极或消极的影响,可以通过内部因素发挥作用。因此,我国国有企业的资本安全和经营绩效与内部控制水平有关。目前,国资委主要使用EVA来衡量国有资本经营绩效,考察国有企业保持和增加增值的能力。本研究假设国有资本收益水平与EVA和内部控制绩效密切相关。国有企业有效的内部控制会导致EVA的正值,EVA可以作为绩效指标替代内部控制变量。本文以抽样企业的EVA作为替代影响国有资本收益的内部控制。
B.建筑模型
该模型基于线性回归方程,分析了某省国有企业履行投资者国家责任的情况。我们主要使用SPSS16.0的描述性统计、相关分析、线性回归分析来检验理论假设。
一般的假设是因变量Y是自变量X1 X2hellip;XK的线性函数,误差项。结果是一个多元线性回归模型。
Yt=beta;1+beta;2X2t+beta;3X3t+hellip;+beta;kXkt+εt (1)
在Y是因变量,X1, X2,hellip;, XK是独立变量,ε是一个随机扰动项。
研究过程中涉及的变量:y,国有资本经营收入;分别为x1、x2、国有资本收益和EVA,回归方程为:
y ax1 bx2 c +ε.
C. Descriptive分析
2008年,20家履行出资人责任的大型企业上缴营业收入1600 798.83万元,国有资本存量645.1亿元。
国资委公布,平均资本成本率为5.5%作为标准。根据“EVA计算年度国家出资企业表”①,我们计算了20个大型企业(国有资本ge;1亿)伊娃数据。EVA总量为- 30230.87万(表1)。
从图一:可以看出,12家企业的EVA值为负,仅占样本总数的60%。这些企业税后净利润不能满足股东和资本回报,造成国有资本损失。从本质上讲,它们并没有真正创造价值
这个表是EVA计算表由国资委中央国有企业绩效评估使用。表格中的数据是2007年和2008年批准的。这个国家的投资者。从图中可以看出,EVA是由资本平均成本和税后净利润的变化决定的。企业1和企业2税后利润价值较大,平均资本成本继续上升,EVA急剧下降,企业价值严重减值。
D.回归分析
运用SPSS统计软件对国有资本和EVA两项指标对国有资本经营收入进行回归分析。由回归系数表得到回归方程:y =-537.865 0.026 x1 -0.065 x2,具体统计参数见表2 ~表4。
E.统计检验
方程拟合检验结果:F=130.813, P(Sig.)=0.000,表明自变量与因变量之间存在回归关系。回归结果表明,F检验值为130.813;R2为0.939。模型显著性水平为0.05,经F检验,表明回归方程的一般线性回归结果是明显的。该模型反映了国有资本经营收益与国有资本EVA之间的关系。这两个值表示方程中两个自变量能够解释因变量的程度。数值越大,说明EVA和国有资本这两个指标能够充分预测国有资本的经营收益。表5中的值为0.939。越接近一个,模型就越适合数据。
但EVA回归系数的t检验值为- 0.431,P (Sig.)的统计显著性水平为0.672。没有通过0.05水平的显著性检验,说明EVA回归系数可能为零,即国有资本经营收入与EVA之间没有明确的关系。国有资本经营收入估计值(回归方程变量)对EVA回归系数的Std.误差为0.151。误差过大,说明国有资本经营收益回归系数和EVA的误差过大。回归方程需要修正。
F.相关分析
根据EVA的计算公式和关键要素,对20家样本企业进行EVA与国有企业经营收益的相关分析如下:从表6可以看出,在
相关水平0.01。该值为-0.641,说明国有资本收益与EVA之间不存在正相关关系。结果表明,当企业税后利润较大时,其EVA相对较小。对企业活动的投资是以降低资本收益率为基础的,对国家没有创造任何价值。国有投资者希望获得更高的国有资本收益率,实现EVA的最大化,从而实现国有资本收益的最大化。无论EVA值是正还是负,ina正值的增加或负方向的减少都可以认为是好的。
对于国有资本投资价值,首先要保证EVA大于0,EVAis越大越好,使国有资本收益与EVA显著正相关。要求国有资产监督管理机构加强对国家投资者的财务监督,全面推进EVA作为核心经营绩效考核,要求国有企业加强内部控制。
在之前的理论分析中,我们认为国有企业的内部控制与国有资本的安全性密切相关,在研究中我们假设国有企业内部控制越有效,EVA值越大,国有资本收益越安全。然而,在实证研究中,我们并没有得到预期的结果。然而,我们的研究可以得出以下结论:第一,国有资本安全与国有企业绩效考核方法和内部控制水平密切相关;其次,EVA视角下的国有企业评价表明,企业内部控制需要进一步加强。一些公司,尽管净利润很高,但EVA为负。国有资本安全保障不足;第
三,我国国有企业全要素生产率EVA概念不强。国有资本增值是一项艰巨的任务。
四、总结
综上所述,为了保障国有资本安全,实现国有经济的战略目标,我们需要加强国有企业内部控制,完善国有企业的公司治理,提高国有企业国有资本增值意识;另一方面,国有资本经营绩效评价应从利润评价逐步过渡到EVA评价,以防止国有资本权益受到侵害。
五、不足之处及未来研究方向
本研究存在三个不足之处。首先,利用净利润而不考虑时间价值和股权成本对国有企业进行绩效评价已经显示出一些不足,EVA作为一种评价体系改变了这种情况。中国国资委已将EVA作为一种评估方法。但如何实现EVA的本地化是一个问题。其次,数据来源的限制和样本数量的小,会导致对问题的解释不足。最后,影响国有资本安全的因素很多,除了内部控制的有效性,还有公司治理水平、科技等相关因素。同时,我们的研究思路还有待进一步完善。
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