Online Rescheduling of Multiple Picking Agents for Warehouse
Management
Abstract
In this paper, we present a solution for a dynamic rescheduling problem involving new orders arriving randomly while static orders have been given in advance in warehouse environments. We propose two variations of an incremental static scheduling scheme: one based on the steepest descent insertion, called OR1, and the other, on multistage rescheduling, called OR2. Both techniques are enhanced by a local search procedure specifically designed for the problem at hand. We also implemented several existing online algorithms to our problem for evaluative purposes. Extensive statistical experiments based on real picking data indicate that the proposed methodologies are competitive with existing online schedulers and show that load-balancing algorithms, such as OR1, yield the best results on the average and that OR2 is effective in reducing the picking time when dynamism is low to moderate.
Keywords: dynamic scheduling, warehouse management, on-line algorithm
1. Introduction
The problem of picking customer orders from warehouse storage to the packing/delivery area, i.e., order picking, is one of the most important activities in a warehouse due to its high operational cost. Studies have shown that order picking can amount to 60% of the total costs of warehouse operations [1]. Traditionally, due to the high percentage of travel time in an order pickerrsquo;s activity [2], order picking has been treated as a distance-minimization problem. Optimization of a single picking route may be found in Refs.[3-7], among others.
For multiple routes and order pickers, exact methods are presented in Refs. [8-9], while heuristics for the cluster-then-route approach are investigated in Ref. [10]. In a series of works, Rubrico et al. [11-14] solve a more complicated form of the order-picking problem with multiple pickers (agents), in which each agent may be assigned more than one trip (route) to accomplish and delays due to congestion or queuing are considered. The objectives are to minimize an agentrsquo;s idle time by minimizing the travel distance and delays as well as maintain the balance of the load among the agents. They adapt a hierarchical decomposition and solve each subdivision using heuristics to achieve good schedules quickly for realistically sized problems.
The works reported above address a static order-picking problem in which all orders to be picked are known beforehand. Purely online versions of a picking problem in which all orders are not known beforehand and arrive at random are addressed in Refs. [15-16], where stochastic distributions are assumed for the order parameters and the problem is solved using methods related to the queuing theory. The online picking problem can be seen as an instance of the general online scheduling problem, in which the agents retrieving the orders correspond to machines that process jobs. A description of the online scheduling problem and its variants, as well as surveys of eminent online algorithms, may be found in Refs. [17-在线重新安排仓库多个采购代理管理
在本文中,我们提出了一个动态重新安排问题的解决方案,涉及新订单随机到达,而静态订单已经在仓库环境中预先提供。我们提出增量静态调度方案的两个变体:一个基于称为OR1的最速下降插入,另一个在称为OR2的多阶段重新调度上。这两种技术都是通过专门为当前问题设计的本地搜索程序来增强的。 我们还针对我们的问题实施了几种现有的在线算法进行评估。 基于实际采摘数据的广泛统计实验表明,所提出的方法与现有的在线调度器具有竞争力,并且显示诸如OR1之类的负载均衡算法平均得到最佳结果,并且OR2在减少动态时的采集时间方面是有效的低至中等。
表征随机订单的参数是(a)到达率lambda;(单位时间的订单),(b)产品信息,即存储量品牌和所需数量,(c)静态订单的总项目比率,gamma;= Drand / Dstatic ,其中数量是所选择的随机订单的总数量,Dstatic是静态订单的总数。
当每个新订单到达时,其所需的产品的数量被假定为均匀分布在[1,Q]的范围内,其中Q是代理的容量。类似地,由存储架代表的位置也均匀地分布在仓库中。
3.1增量静态重新安排
在详细阐述OR1之前,首先介绍用于最小化日程安排的基本操作符和本地搜索过程。
考虑了三种需求搬迁运营商。需求是指需要从给定货架位置挑选的物品;因此,需求重定位是指代理之间或代理之间(即,代理之间的)之间的需求的转移或交换。
对于目前分配给代理a1的总需求d的任何货架,我们可以估计要从a1移动到另一个代理商a2的项目d *的数量,以使它们的均衡是平衡的:
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( MK a1 |
MK a 2 ) (Ts ) |
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d* |
2TLOAD |
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